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14th Australian Weeds Conference (2004)

"Weed Management: Balancing People, Planet, Profit"

Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
6-9 September 2004.
Peer-reviewed proceedings edited by B.M. Sindel and S.B. Johnson.
Published by Weed Society of New South Wales

Weed management at the border, at the garden fence and in the bush
R.H. Groves   pp. 1-9
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Keynote addresses

The age of weeds
Julian Cribb   pp. 10-12
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Reflections on weeds and water - another NWI?
Bobbie Brazil   p. 13
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Plenary session 1. Biotechnology: the way forward?

Australian attitudes to GM foods and crops
Craig Cormick   pp. 14-17
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Global trends in ecological studies of GMOs
W.M. Lonsdale   pp. 18-20
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Gene technology regulation in Australia: a framework for identifying, assessing and managing risks
Sue Meek   p. 21
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New frontiers in weed science: from transgenics to genomics
C. Neal Stewart, Jr.   pp. 22-25
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Plenary session 2. Plant introductions: can we do a better job?

Plant introductions - a grower's view
Michael Cole   p. 26
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New perennial plant options needed to transform agriculture and manage salinity
Michael A. Ewing   pp. 27-32
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Without expected benefits, is weed assessment a frustrating search for the wrong needle in the wrong haystack?
Cheryl Kalisch Gordon   pp. 33-38
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A South African perspective on plant introductions: motivations, problems and processes
Brian W. van Wilgen   pp. 39-41
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Plant introductions in Australia: how can we resolve 'weedy' conflicts of interest?
John G. Virtue, Sarita J. Bennett and Roderick P. Randall   pp. 42-48
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Plenary session 3. Matters of principle?

When is it optimal to eradicate a weed invasion?
Oscar Cacho   pp. 49-54
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Tackling invasive garden plants: a question of prevention
Andreas Glanznig   p. 55
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Eradication or control? Combating plants through a lump sum payment or on the instalment plan
Richard N. Mack and Sara K. Foster   pp. 56-61
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'To declare or not to declare? That is the question'
Craig Walton   pp. 62-67
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Plenary session 4. Managing the weed risk: trade, quarantine and biocontrol?

Are we doing enough about early detection of weed species naturalising in Australia?
John R. Hosking, Barbara M. Waterhouse and Peter A. Williams   pp. 68-71
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Trade routes for commerce in plants or pathways for invasive species? The dualism of international commerce
Richard N. Mack   pp. 72-77
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Biological control: managing risks or strangling progress?
Rachel E. McFadyen   pp. 78-81
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Student papers

How profitable are perennial pasture phases in Western Australian cropping systems?
Graeme J. Doole, David J. Pannell, Clinton K. Revell and Amir Abadi   pp. 82-87
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Towards a landscape-scale mechanistic weed risk model
Shaun Kolomeitz and Rieks van Klinken   pp. 88-90
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How effective is host testing at predicting non-target impacts of weed biological control agents in Australia?
Dianne B.J. Taylor, Tim A. Heard and Helen Spafford Jacob   pp. 91-94
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Glyphosate resistance management in Roundup Ready® cotton
Jeff Werth, Christopher Preston, Grant Roberts and Ian Taylor   pp. 95-98
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Recruitment and survival of Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales
Tieneke F. Cowan, Brian M. Sindel and Robin S. Jessop   p. 99
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Seed dispersal of Orobanche ramosa L. in South Australia
Emma L. Crossfield, Jennifer Watling, John Virtue and John Matthews   p. 100
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The role of natural enemies in regulating populations of biocontrol agents on gorse (Ulex europaeus L.)
Jamie T. Davies, John E. Ireson and GeoffR. Allen   pp. 101-104
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Do all legumes pose the same weed risk? Development of a method to evaluate the risk of introduced legumes to temperate Australia
Jason Emms, John G. Virtue, Christopher Preston and William D. Bellotti   pp. 105-108
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Genetic variation in the blackberry biocontrol agent Phragmidium violaceum (Schultz)
Don R. Gomez, Katherine J. Evans, Eileen Scott, Paul Harvey, Jeanine Baker and Louise Morin   p. 109
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Effect of clipping and fertiliser addition on the feed value of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) during reproductive growth stages
Charles Grech, David McLaren, David Chapman and Brian M. Sindel   p. 110
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Potential for reduction of weed seed set through interference with phytohormones
Kerensa May Greenfield, Angela Wakelin, Stephen B. Powles and Christopher Preston   p. 111
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Characteristics of Sollya heterophylla Lindl.: a native weedy plant
Anna Traeger, Helen Spafford Jacob and Eligio Bruzzese   p. 111
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Assessing invasiveness of the potential sleeper weed Centaurea solstitialis L.
Gregory Hay, José Facelli and F. Dane Panetta   p. 112
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Evolution or spread? The case of herbicide resistant Lactuca serriola L. in South Australia
Yi Qing Lu, Jeanine Baker and Christopher Preston   p. 113
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Effects of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. ssp. rotundata (DC.) Norl.) invasion and control activities on coastal dune communities in New South Wales, Australia
Tanya Mason, Kris French and Mark Lonsdale   p. 114
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Invasion of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) in a remnant vegetation patch: methodology and initial results
Kris Siderov and Nigel Ainsworth   pp. 115-118
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Effect of competition on seed dispersal
M.S. Taghizadeh and R.D. Cousens   p. 119
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Delivery of best weed management practices for meat sheep producers
Mark G. Trotter, Brian M. Sindel, Jim M. Scott and Ian J. Reeve   p. 120
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Cropping systems

Agro-ecological approaches to managing weeds in wet direct-seeded rice
Madonna C. Casimero and Leylani M. Juliano   pp. 121-124
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Wheat, barley and triticale as mimic weeds for wild oat in chickpea studies
Bruce M. Haigh, Robin S. Jessop, Robert D. Murison and Warwick L. Felton   pp. 125-128
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The effect of summer weed management on grain yield and quality
Graham M. Fromm and Vanessa L. Grieger   pp. 129-132
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The potential role of weed functional groups in cropping systems
Deirdre Lemerle, Andrew Storrie and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 133-135
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Summer fallow weeds: a national study - water, nitrogen, seed banks and impact on subsequent winter crops
Vikki Osten, Abul Hashem, Deirdre Lemerle, Catherine Borger, Eric Koetz, Megan McCosker and Glen Wright   pp. 136-138
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Non-chemical weed control in an organic wheat crop
Thomas R. Sweeny and Steven R. McCoy   pp. 139-141
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Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) control in winter wheat in Wyoming
Craig M. Alford and Stephen D. Miller   p. 142
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Low chemical input for weed management in stubble retention farming systems of south eastern Australia
Eric Koetz and Deirdre Lemerle   p. 143
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Tillage and residue management practices affect weed dynamics and wheat grain yield
S.D. Sharma, Samar Singh, Harpal Singh and Sandeep Narwal   p. 144
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Management of crop weeds through the strategic use of annual pasture
Clinton K. Revell and Dean K. Thomas   pp. 145-149
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Rangeland systems

Integrated control methods for bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) in northern Queensland: preliminary results
Faiz Bebawi, Joseph Vitelli, Shane Campbell and Matthew Madigan   pp. 150-152
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Effects of para grass (Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen) invasion on terrestrial invertebrates of a tropical floodplain
Michael M. Douglas and Ruth A. O'Connor   pp. 153-156
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Pest or pasture? Introduced pasture grasses in the Northern Territory
Blair S. Grace, Mark R. Gardener and Arthur G. Cameron   pp. 157-160
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Will fire help control Parkinsonia aculeata L.?
A.C. Grice, J.R. McKenzie, D.M. Nicholas, M. Pattison, L.V. Whiteman, K.E. Steele and S.D. Campbell   pp. 161-163
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Temporal fluctuations of Parkinsonia aculeata L. seedling germination and growth in three Australian rangelands habitats
Roger Lawes   pp. 164-167
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Exotic grass invasion in the tropical savanna of northern Australia: ecosystem consequences
Natalie Rossiter, Samantha Setterfield, Michael Douglas, Lindsay Hutley and Garry Cook   pp. 168-171
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Management of invasive rangeland shrubs
Shane Campbell, Wayne Vogler, Rieks van Klinken, John McKenzie, Faiz Bebawi and Tony Grice   p. 172
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How abundant and widespread are riparian weeds in the dry tropics of north-east Queensland?
A.C. Grice, R.A. Lawes, B.N. Abbott, D.M. Nicholas and L.V. Whiteman   pp. 173-175
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Controlling dense infestations of parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata L.)
John R. McKenzie, Mike J. Pattison, Karen E. Steele, Shane D. Campbell and Joseph S. Vitelli   pp. 176-178
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Effects of mission grass (Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.) invasion on fuel loads and nitrogen availability in a northern Australia tropical savanna
M.M. Douglas, S.A. Setterfield, N. Rossiter, J. Barratt and L.B. Hutley   pp. 179-181
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Horticultural systems

Estimating when to weed an organically-grown onion crop
Graeme W. Bourdôt, GeoffA. Hurrell and David J. Saville   pp. 182-186
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What happens when a biocontrol agent attacks exotic but desired ornamentals?
Philip E. Maher, Brett J. Davis, Michael D. Day, A. Peter Mackey, William A. Palmer and Elizabeth L. Snow   pp. 187-189
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Improved management of weeds under drip-irrigated grape vines
Rhonda Smith, Emily Rouse, Deirdre Lemerle and Ron Hutton   p. 190
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Conservation and amenity systems

An adaptive experimental management program for English broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link in Victoria
Cathy Allan, John Wright and Kelly Raymond   pp. 191-194
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Developing best practice roadside Parthenium hysterophorus L. control
Simon J. Brooks, Joseph S. Vitelli and Allan G. Rainbow   pp. 195-198
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Towards more strategic management of weeds on 'Top End' Aboriginal lands
Mark R. Gardener, Michael J. Storrs and Steve Wingrave   pp. 199-202
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Asparagus weeds research and management in South Australia
Susan L. Lawrie   pp. 203-206
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Exotic grass fuel in south eastern Australia
John Stoner, Robyn Adams and Dianne Simmons   pp. 207-209
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Urban weed control: innovations in kerb and channel weed management
Rod Wood   pp. 210-211
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Does gorse make a difference?
Peter A. Williams, Jon J. Sullivan and Susan M. Timmins   p. 212
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Weed control and restoration around the El Junco Lagoon, San Cristóbal, Galápagos-Ecuador
Patricio Yánez, Nelson García and Chris Buddenhagen   p. 213
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Aquatic systems

Improved strategic planning and management of alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) - myth or reality?
Nimal Chandrasena, Lalith Gunasekera and Rebecca Coventry   pp. 214-217
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Assessing weed impacts on the recruitment of riparian overstorey species
Fiona J. Ede, Nigel Ainsworth and Trevor D. Hunt   pp. 218-221
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Elodea: an emerging submerged weed in Victoria
Lalith Gunasekera   pp. 222-223
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Impacts of willow (Salix × rubens) invasion on riparian bird assemblages
Sarah Holland-Clift, Dennis O'Dowd and Ralph MacNally   p. 224
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Monitoring Ludwigia longifolia at Mambo Wetlands: investigation of a potentially invasive new weed incursion for Port Stephens Council
Stephen McCall   p. 225
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Chemical control

Novel non-selective herbicide mixtures to combat resistance
Catherine P. Borger and Abul Hashem   pp. 226-229
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Evaluation of oxadiargyl herbicide in various Australian horticultural crops
Phillip R. Frost and Tim L. Hingston   pp. 230-231
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The need for best practice herbicide management
John Kent   pp. 232-235
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Bentazone - surfactant interactions in three selected weed species of differing leaf characteristics
Irene McKay, S.D. Sharma, R.C. Kirkwood, R. Frank and G. Retzlaff   pp. 236-240
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Response of Prosopis velutina Woot. to a selection of aerially applied herbicides
E.C. Sparkes and D.J. Midmore   pp. 241-244
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Glyphosate - another tool for managing serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arech.)
Birgitte Verbeek, Fiona Leech and Linda Ayres   pp. 245-248
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Validating the factors affecting clodinafop efficacy
Todd S. Andrews, Richard W. Medd, Remy van de Ven and David I. Pickering   p. 249
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The chemical control of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) at Warrill Creek, Queensland
Rebecca Breaden and Trevor Armstrong   p. 250
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A comparison of wheat and barley response to herbicides between southern New South Wales and southern Queensland
John Churchett, Steve Walker, Peter Lockley and Deirdre Lemerle   pp. 251-254
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Tolerance of barley to phenoxy herbicides
Harmohinder S. Dhammu, Chad Sayer and Terry J. Piper   p. 255
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Timing of application of phenoxy herbicides in wheat
Harmohinder S. Dhammu and Terry J. Piper   p. 256
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Tolerance of chickpea to isoxaflutole
Warwick L. Felton, Ted J. Knights, Bruce M. Haigh and Steve Harden   pp. 257-260
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Evaluation of new herbicides for use in capsicums and chillies
Phillip R. Frost and Tim L. Hingston   pp. 261-263
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Evaluation of new herbicides in lettuce crops
Phillip R. Frost and Tim L. Hingston   pp. 264-265
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Spraytopping as a management tool to reduce seed production in Chilean needle grass infestations
Shiv Gaur and David McLaren   p. 266
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Controlling silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.), a deep-rooted perennial weed, with herbicides and grazing
Victoria Hawker   p. 267
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Efficacy of some new herbicides on both grassy and broadleaf weeds in wheat at Peshawar, Pakistan
Imtiaz Khan, Gul Hassan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan and Ijaz Ahmad Khan   p. 268
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Studies on chemical weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Gul Hassan, Imtiaz Khan and Yousaf Hayat   p. 269
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Selective herbicidal activity of an indole alkaloid isolated from Rhazya stricta Decne. growing in Saudi Arabia
Alaa Kamel and Khalid Al-Mutlaq   pp. 270-273
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Effect of herbicide application to emerged seed heads on the viability of panicle seed and cleistogenes of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana)
Graeme H. Pritchard   pp. 274-278
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Effect of adjuvant on the movement of 14C-glyphosate in two model plants
Shiv D. Sharma and M. Singh   p. 279
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Effectiveness of spraytopping to control glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.)
Rex Stanton and Jim Pratley   pp. 280-282
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Isoxaben tankmixes provide safe, effective residual weed control in vines
Gregory S. Wells   p. 283
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Clopyralid improves control of volunteer legumes with glyphosate
Gregory S. Wells   pp. 284-286
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Cyhalofop - hard on barnyard and silvertop grasses but soft on rice
Gregory S. Wells   pp. 287-289
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Herbicide based strategies for maize to prevent development of resistance in weeds in the Ukraine
Viktor Zadorozhny   pp. 290-293
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Cultural control

Response of blackberry to the 2003 wildfires in Victoria
Nigel Ainsworth and Franz Mahr   pp. 294-297
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Hypochaeris radicata L., the most common broadleaf weed of the perennial pasture zone of New South Wales
Jim J. Dellow, Warren McG. King, Geoff C. Wilson and Bruce A. Auld   pp. 298-299
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Managing herbicide resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in no-till systems in Western Australia using occasional inversion ploughing
Alexandra Douglas and Sally C. Peltzer   pp. 300-303
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Comparing weed competition in chickpea, fababean, canola and wheat
Warwick L. Felton, Bruce M. Haigh and Steve Harden   pp. 304-307
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Effect of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) density and lupin cultivars on their competition
Abul Hashem, Bob French, and Catherine Borger   pp. 308-311
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Effect of night cultivation on the emergence and competition of weeds in buckwheat
David Van Ryswyk, Brian M. Sindel, Robin Jessop and Paul Kristiansen   pp. 312-315
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Precision in physical weed management
Nicholas Bromet and Jeff Tullberg   p. 316
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Energy use in physical and herbicide weed control
Nicholas Bromet and Jeff Tullberg   p. 316
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Influence of seeding systems on annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seedling recruitment and competitive interactions with lentil (Lens culinaris)
Samuel Kleemann and Gurjeet Gill   p. 317
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Above and below-ground interference of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrille) by shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and soybean
Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab, Karl Hammer, Aziz Javanshir, Houshang Alyari and Mohammad Moghaddam   pp. 318-320
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Biological control

Endemic fungi inhibit germination of serrated tussock seed: an alternative to classical biological control?
Seona G. Casonato, Ann C. Lawrie, Kym L. Butler and David A. McLaren   pp. 321-324
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Environmental conditions and biological control in the Top End: experiments suggesting new directions
Blair S. Grace, Susan Hosking and Veronica Edgar   pp. 325-328
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Biological control of bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides (L.) W.Wight, in citrus orchards
Raelene M. Kwong and Sarah Holland-Clift   pp. 329-332
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The potential for using mycoherbicides to control weeds from the family Brassicaceae in Australia
Aaron Maxwell and John K. Scott   pp. 333-336
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Biological control in the Top End: getting communities involved
Nicole Ostermeyer, Blair Grace, Merrilyn Paskins, Vanessa McIntyre and Bronwyn Routley   pp. 337-340
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Analysis of the non-target attack by the lantana sap-sucking bug, Aconophora compressa, and its implications for biological control in Australia
William A. Palmer, Michael D. Day, Kunjithapatham Dhileepan, Elizabeth L. Snow and A. Peter Mackey   pp. 341-344
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Abiotic factors affecting the pathogenicity of a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-based mycoherbicide
B.M. Pottinger, H.J. Ridgway, G. Bourdôt and A. Stewart   pp. 345-348
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The population and impact of Longitarsus echii Koch (Coleoptera: Chrysmelidae), a root-feeding beetle on Echium plantagineum L. under field grazing conditions
Matthew Smyth, Andy Sheppard and Ruth Huwer   pp. 349-352
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The release and establishment of the bitou bush agent Tortrix sp. in New South Wales from 2001-2004
Anthony Swirepik, Ruth Aveyard, Royce Holtkamp and Phillip Stephenson   pp. 353-356
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100 years of weed biological control in Queensland
Craig Walton   pp. 357-363
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Investigating genetic diversity to improve the biological control process
Trevor J. Wardill, Glenn C. Graham, Andrew Manners, Julia Playford, Myron Zalucki, William A. Palmer and Kirsten D. Scott   pp. 364-367
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Successful biological control of salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.Mitch.) at Tweed Heads South, New South Wales
Karen L. Cranney   p. 368
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Improving release strategies to increase the establishment rate of weed biocontrol agents
Michael D. Day, David T. Briese, Blair S. Grace, Royce H. Holtkamp, John E. Ireson, Andy W. Sheppard and Helen Spafford Jacob   pp. 369-373
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Classical biological control of Californian thistle: the New Zealand story
A. Hugh Gourlay   pp. 374-377
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Activity and location of the bridal creeper leafhopper (Zygina sp.) during summer senescence of bridal creeper foliage in southern Victoria
Sarah Holland-Clift, Emily R. Creese and Raelene M. Kwong   p. 378
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Biological control of prickly acacia (Acacia nilotica ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan): early signs of establishment of an introduced agent
Catherine J. Lockett and William A. Palmer   p. 379
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An insecticidal exclusion method for studying biological control impacts on ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) and Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum L.)
Thomas B. Morley and Julio C. Bonilla   p. 380
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Establishment and dispersal of dock moth Pyropteron doryliformis (Ochsenheimer) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Victoria
Thomas B. Morley, Steven Faulkner and Ian G. Faithfull   pp. 381-384
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Using bacteria to control annual cropping weeds
S.C. Peltzer and R.J. Kremer   pp. 385-387
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Importation, establishment and preliminary impact assessment of Chamaesphecia mysiniformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) for the biological control of horehound in Australia
Jean-Louis Sagliocco and John Weiss   pp. 388-390
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The effectiveness of ant baiting to reduce predation of Crioceris sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for bridal creeper
Thomas Reilly, Helen Spafford Jacob and Kathryn Batchelor   pp. 391-394
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Oviposition behaviour of biological control agents for Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae)
Jodie Hawley, Helen Spafford Jacob, Paul Wilson and GeoffStrickland   pp. 395-397
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Interactions between two weed biological control agents, an insect and pathogen, and the response of their host
Peter Turner, Louise Morin, David Williams and Darren Kriticos   p. 398
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Biocontrol of Emex at the expense of Tamarix incursions?
Paul B. Yeoh, John K. Scott and Tim L. Woodburn   pp. 399-402
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Herbicide resistance

Roadside canola in South Australia and Victoria: persistent or transient populations?
Jeanine Baker and Christopher Preston   pp. 403-405
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Determining the extent of herbicide resistance in the rice growing regions of southern Australia
John C. Broster, James E. Pratley, Giles E. Flower and Ragini Flower   pp. 406-409
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The impact of the cotton farming system on weed succession: implications for herbicide resistance and adoption of an integrated weed management approach
Graham Charles, Ian Taylor and Grant Roberts   pp. 410-413
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Diflufenican resistance in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.): its discovery and consequences for the lupin industry
Aik Cheam and Siew Lee   pp. 414-417
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Glyphosate-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) from Tamworth, Australia, has upregulated EPSPS expression
Dion K. Harrison, Wenjie Liu, Steve W. Adkins, Peter M. Gresshoffand Richard R. Williams   pp. 418-420
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Molecular characterisation of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in wild oat in the northern grain-growing region of Australia
Wenjie Liu, Dion Harrison, Chris O'Donnell, Steve Adkins and Richard Williams   pp. 421-424
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Evolution and spread of herbicide resistant barley grass (Hordeum glaucum Steud. and H. leporinum Link.) in South Australia
Imam Hidayat, Jeanine Baker and Christopher Preston   pp. 425-427
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Preventing glyphosate resistance in weeds of the northern grain region
Steve Walker, Michael Widderick, Andrew Storrie and Vikki Osten   pp. 428-431
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A population of wild oats (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) resistant to flamprop-m-methyl
John C. Broster   pp. 432-433
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Experiences with triflusulfuron-methyl resistant witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum)
Hilde Eelen, Robert Bulcke, Els Desmet and Robrecht Sarrazyn   p. 434
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No regression in the frequency of herbicide resistance in one population of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) after 13 years without herbicide use
David G. Ferris and Stephen B. Powles   p. 435
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Glyphosate resistance management in the USA - a Syngenta perspective
Les Glasgow, Nick Polge, Chuck Foresman and Jasper Barnes   pp. 436-440
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Double knockdown to combat annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) resistance to glyphosate
Abul Hashem and Catherine Borger   p. 441
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Multiple resistance in glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations
Rex Stanton and John Broster   pp. 442-444
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Genetic relationship between glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations from northern New South Wales
Rex Stanton, Andrew Storrie, Nigel Urwin and Jim Pratley   pp. 445-448
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How many mechanisms of evolved glyphosate resistance are present in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.)?
Angela M. Wakelin and Christopher Preston   p. 449
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Invasion and spread

The role of spatial analyses in post-border weed risk management
Neville D. Crossman   pp. 450-453
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Weeds as 'Key Threatening Processes': implications for managing environmental weeds
Paul O. Downey and Andrew R. Leys   pp. 454-457
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Natural range, nature and weeds
John L. Dwyer   pp. 458-463
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Quantifying the effects of weeds on biodiversity: beyond Blind Freddy's test
A.C. Grice, A.R. Field and R.E.C. McFadyen   pp. 464-468
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Early intervention action on Canary Island St. Johns wort, Hypericum canariense L., in Victoria
Michael Hansford and Linda J. Iaconis   pp. 469-471
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Predictive value of plant functional types in determining future high-impact weeds
Graeme T. Hastwell and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 472-475
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Lippia, Phyla canescens, an increasing threat to agriculture and the environment
Mic Julien, Andrew Storrie and Rob McCosker   pp. 476-479
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A pain in the grass: what's the diagnosis?
Rieks van Klinken, F. Dane Panetta, Barbara Ross and Colin Wilson   pp. 480-483
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Detecting alien plant species early in the invasion process: a sampling strategy for the detection of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King and H.Rob. (Siam weed)
Roger Lawes and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 484-487
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Working with weeds in the Land of the Thunderdragon: an opportunity to prevent weed invasions
John Weiss, T. Thinley, Karma Nidup, Mahesh Ghimiray, Sangay Wandi and Tshering Dochen   pp. 488-491
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Development of strategies for eradication of selected agricultural sleeper weeds
Gemma Woldendorp, Mary Bomford, Simon Barry, F. Dane Panetta and David Cunningham   pp. 492-495
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Kochia (Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott) eradication in Western Australia: a review
Jonathan Dodd   pp. 496-499
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Functional groups of bird-dispersed weeds
Carl Gosper and Gabrielle Vivian-Smith   p. 500
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Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.: a predicted weed threat that has not lived up to expectations?
John K. Scott and Paul B. Yeoh   pp. 501-504
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Biology and ecology

Assessment of allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus residues
Daizy R. Batish, Harminder P. Singh, Jasvir K. Pandher, Ravinder K. Kohli and Vandana Arora   pp. 505-508
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Taxonomic update and Lucid key for introduced blackberry in Australia
Katherine J. Evans, David E. Symon, Molly A. Whalen, Robyn M. Barker, John R. Hosking and Julie A. Oliver   pp. 509-512
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The effect of summer weed management strategies on subsequent germinations and seed bank numbers
Graham M. Fromm and Vanessa L. Grieger   pp. 513-515
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Effect of sheep mastication and digestion on the transmission and viability of small-flowered mallow (Malva parviflora L.) seeds
Pippa J. Michael, Philip E. Vercoe, Kathryn J. Steadman and Julie A. Plummer   pp. 516-518
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Persistence of Fumaria densiflora DC. seed in the field
Gertraud M. Norton, Deirdre Lemerle and James E. Pratley   pp. 519-522
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Seed banks: the bane of the weed eradicator
F. Dane Panetta   pp. 523-526
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Environmental control of dormancy in Lolium rigidum Gaud. seeds
Kathryn J. Steadman and Amanda J. Ellery   pp. 527-530
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Seed bank ecology of the invasive vine, cats claw creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.Gentry)
Gabrielle Vivian-Smith and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 531-534
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Better management of Sonchus oleraceus L. (common sowthistle) based on the weed's ecology
Michael Widderick, Steve Walker and Brian Sindel   pp. 535-537
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Emergence and persistence of barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link) and its management options in sorghum
Hanwen Wu, Steve Walker, Vikki Osten, Ian Taylor and Brian Sindel   pp. 538-541
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Is South African bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) allelopathic in Australia?
Emilie-Jane Ens, Kristine French and John Bremner   p. 542
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Propagule pressure determines establishment after weed control
Clayson J. Howell   p. 543
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Bladder ketmia (Hibiscus trionum L.) in Australia - a variable taxa
Stephen B. Johnson, Brian M. Sindel and Graham W. Charles   pp. 544-547
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Seed longevity of Carduus nutans in Australia: consequences for weed management
Michael J. Neave   pp. 548-550
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Longevity of pond apple (Annona glabra L.) seeds and implications for management
Stephen D. Setter, Melissa J. Setter and Shane D. Campbell   pp. 551-554
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Seed bank dynamics of two exotic grass species in Australia's northern savannas
Samantha A. Setterfield, Sean Bellairs, Michael M. Douglas and Taegan Calnan   pp. 555-557
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Allelopathic interference of Ageratum conyzoides L. against some crop plants
Harminder P. Singh, Daizy R. Batish, Shalinder Kaur, Ravinder K. Kohli and Kuldeep S. Dogra   pp. 558-561
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Seed bank of mesquite (Leguminoseae: Prosopis spp.) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia
Georgina Gardner, Helen Spafford Jacob and Rieks van Klinken   pp. 562-565
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Effect of temperature, scarification and light on the dormancy and germination of seeds of three mesquite (Leguminoseae: Prosopis spp.) hybrids naturalized in Australia
Georgina K. Gardner, Helen Spafford Jacob, Kathryn J. Steadman and Rieks D. van Klinken   pp. 566-570
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Observations of camphor laurel, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, in north eastern New South Wales
Joe A. Friend   p. 571
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Modelling and economics

Valuation of the cost of a weed incursion in a natural environment: a simulation approach
Susan M. Hester, Jack Sinden and Oscar J. Cacho   pp. 572-575
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The economic benefits of IWM: the role of risk and sustainability in farming systems
Randall Jones   pp. 576-579
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What is the impact of harvesting technology on the spread of new weeds in cropping systems?
M. Monjardino, A. Diggle and J. Moore   pp. 580-583
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Benefit cost analysis for weed risk assessment in natural environments: full analysis, partial analysis or rules of thumb?
Doreen I.S. Odom and Jack Sinden   pp. 584-587
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The economic impact of weeds in Australian agriculture
Jack Sinden, Randall Jones, Susie Hester, Doreen Odom, Cheryl Kalisch, Rosemary James and Oscar Cacho   pp. 588-591
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Estimating uncertainty in weed risk assessment predictions
Peter Caley, Paul Pheloung and Mark Lonsdale   pp. 592-595
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Sacrificing innocents to get the outlaw - the benefits of early control
Simon Harris, Susan M. Timmins and F. Dane Panetta   p. 596
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Communication and adoption (agricultural)

No-till adoption and the weed management challenge
Frank H. D'Emden and Rick S. Llewellyn   pp. 597-600
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Agricultural contractors bail up weeds - an accreditation system to reduce weed spread in Tasmania
Cindy Hanson   pp. 601-604
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Farmer perceptions on herbicide resistance and proposed herbicide use to control annual ryegrass in South Australia
Dawn Hawthorn-Jackson, Christopher Preston and Robert Davidson   pp. 605-607
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Extension of weed research outcomes through the Australian cotton industry
Annie Johnson and Greg Salmond   pp. 608-610
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Packing the punch to weeds: WEEDpak - a weed identification and management guide for the Australian cotton industry
Stephen B. Johnson   pp. 611-614
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The management of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in southern Australian broadacre farming systems is lacking in diversity
Peter J. O'Connell and Jean-Louis Allard   pp. 615-618
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'Weed Warriors' - overcoming the problem with weeds
Kate McArthur, Victoria Hawker and Megan McCarthy   p. 619
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Physical weed control working group - a case study of a weed information network
Andrew C. Bishop and Mike Collins   pp. 620-622
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Communication and adoption (amenity)

Motivating action and maintaining behaviour - challenges for Weedbusters, New Zealand
Amber Bill, Ian Popay and Susan Timmins   pp. 623-626
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Lantana - at WONS with the community?
Andrew Clark, Elissa van Oosterhout, Emily Menzies, Hellen Haapakoski and Michael Day   pp. 627-630
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Community involvement in biological control: towards the development of an improved evaluation model
Sarah Holland-Clift and Raelene M. Kwong   pp. 631-635
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How is the national Chilean needle grass program progressing?
Linda J. Iaconis   pp. 636-639
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Developing weed management strategies
Sarah I. Keel   pp. 640-643
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Watch for these weeds: public help in weed led programs in Northland, New Zealand
A.P. McCluggage   pp. 644-647
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Community weed mapping - a vision for the future
David A. McLaren, Jim Backholer, Jamie Cooper, Stephen Welsh and Domenic Scardamaglia   pp. 648-651
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Using your cute and furries: the role of threatened species in weed awareness
S.J. Vidler   pp. 652-658
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Measuring and evaluating performance in weed management projects
Lorne Butt, Richard Carter, Syd Lisle and Judith Rawling   p. 659
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A new process to identify the weeds of La Réunion Island: the AdvenRun system
Thomas Le Bourgeois, Eric Jeuffrault, Pierre Grard and Alain Carrara   pp. 660-663
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Working together - a cooperative approach to weed management
Ann Herbert   pp. 664-665
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Identification of Chilean needle grass, Nassella neesiana - a Weed of National Significance
Linda J. Iaconis   p. 666
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Improving the market orientation of weeds information
Annette McCaffery and Bob Trounce   p. 667
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The first thousand days: communicating the introduction of change in the New Zealand Department of Conservation
Ian Popay   p. 668
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Policy, planning and regulation

The Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW) - balancing people, planet and profit?
Elisa Arcioni   pp. 669-672
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CAWS oration

Successful control of honey locust trees (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) in Queensland
Steve M. Csurhes   pp. 673-675
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Which thistles are truly noxious?
Michael Michelmore   pp. 676-679
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National Aquatic Weeds Management Group - a new approach to managing the aquatic Weeds of National Significance
Andrew Petroeschevsky   pp. 680-683
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Quarantine law loophole: an examination of the known weed species permitted for import without weed risk assessment
Helen Spafford Jacob, Roderick P. Randall, Sandra G. Lloyd and Chrystal King   pp. 684-689
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A national set of core attributes for surveying, mapping and monitoring Weeds of National Significance
Richard Thackway, Ian McNaught and David Cunningham   pp. 690-693
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Coordinating and prioritising weed management in the Riverina
Paula Ash, Birgitte Verbeek and Doug Harris   p. 694
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Towards a national approach to minimise the spread of weeds within Australia
Mirranie J. Barker   pp. 695-696
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Bitou bush management and plant conservation: establishing priorities for control
Paul O. Downey   pp. 697-700
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Distribution, economic impact and attitudes towards silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) in Australia
David A. McLaren, Tereso A. Morfe, Iggy Honan and Royce Holtkamp   p. 701
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Park-scale weed risk assessment in Victoria
Kelly Raymond and Phil Pegler   pp. 702-705
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Willow management developments across New South Wales
Bob Trounce   p. 706
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Victoria's noxious weed review: roll out not fall out
John Weiss, Bob Edgar, Trevor Hunt and Tereso Morfe   pp. 707-710
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