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13th Australian Weeds Conference (2002)

"Weeds: Threats Now and Forever?"

Sheraton Perth Hotel, Perth, Western Australia.
8-13 September 2002 2002.
Peer-reviewed proceedings edited by H. Spafford Jacob, J. Dodd and J.H. Moore.
Published by Plant Protection Society of WA Inc.
ISBN 0-9581111-0-3

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Keynote speakers

Why are there so few weeds?
Tim Low   pp. 1-6
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The highest form of generalship? A review of weed strategies
W. Mark Lonsdale   p. 7
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Human dimensions of integrated weed management
David Pannell   pp. 8-15
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Industry speakers

Community and government working together for effective weed management - the Eastern Hills case study
Loretta Bean and Linda Kirchner   pp. 16-21
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Weeds officers training and education program: an innovative and successful approach
Reg Kidd, George Hammond, Bryson Rees and Roger Smith   pp. 22-24
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A Weeds Officer's perspective on training
Bryson Rees   pp. 25-26
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Nursery and garden industry of Australia: garden escapees that are serious environmental weeds
Hazel E. Dempster   pp. 27-32
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Future weed threats to Western Australian agriculture
Craig Brown   p. 33
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Weeds in horticulture
David Anderson   p. 33
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Weeds in the Australian plantation industry
Kym Sandover   p. 34
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Weed management and ecology: forestry and tree cropping

Impacts of broadscale weed control and fertilisation at establishment on survival and growth of second rotation pines
Ian Dumbrell, John McGrath and Ray Fremlin   pp. 35-38
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Long-term growth response to patterns of weed control in radiata pine
Sue M. Shaw, Julian P. Mattay and Paul R. Adams   pp. 39-42
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Effects of soil water and nitrogen on grass suppression of young Eucalyptus globulus
Paul Adams, Phillip Smethurst, Chris Beadle and Neville Mendham   pp. 43-46
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Alien tree invasions in South Africa: pulling together pieces of the puzzle from natural experiments
David M. Richardson and Mathieu Rouget   pp. 47-50
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Weed risk assessment of twenty plant species used for revegetation or farm forestry in South Australia
Rachel L. Melland and John G. Virtue   pp. 51-54
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Weed management and ecology: cropping

Seed box survey of field crops in Victoria during 1996 and 1997
Michael R. Moerkerk   pp. 55-58
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Weed seed contamination in cereal and pulse crops
Sharon Roya Niknam, Michael Moerkerk and Roger Cousens   pp. 59-61
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Surveys of weeds in Victorian farming systems
Sharon Roya Niknam, Michael Moerkerk and Roger Cousens   p. 62
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The effect of summer weed management on subsequent grain yield and quality
Graham M. Fromm and Vanessa L. Grieger   pp. 63-66
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Strategic nitrogen application for weed suppression in wheat
Eric Koetz, Deirdre Lemerle, Tony Good and Steve Sutherland   pp. 67-70
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Towards the production of allelopathic cultivars for low input rice farming systems
Sophea Pheng, Steve Adkins, Maria Olofsdotter, Harry Nesbit and Gary Jahn   pp. 71-74
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A preliminary investigation into the effects of night cultivation and tillage method on weed emergence
Greg P. Stockings, Robin S. Jessop and Brian M. Sindel   pp. 75-78
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Critical period of Cyperus iria L. competition in transplanted rice
Harmohinder S. Dhammu and Kulwant S. Sandhu   pp. 79-82
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Lifecycle studies on Malvaceae weeds in cotton farming systems
Stephen B. Johnson, Brian M. Sindel and Graham W. Charles   p. 83
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Can the timely use of tillage reduce the prevalence of perennial weeds? A case study on the native weed Polymeria longifolia in cotton farming systems
Stephen B. Johnson, Brian M. Sindel and Robin S. Jessop   p. 83
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Weed and nitrogen management for direct seeded low land rice
D. Kalyanasundaram, S.R. Vinodkumar and G. Kuppuswamy   pp. 84-86
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Plantback to susceptible crops following application of picloram + triclopyr in north-eastern Australian fallow
Robert A. Annetts, Karen J. Kennedy and Christopher O. Love   pp. 87-90
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Emergence of Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) is favoured under zero tillage farming systems
Michael Widderick, Brian Sindel and Steve Walker   pp. 91-92
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Weed management and ecology: natural ecosystems

The enemy within: native environmental weeds of Western Australia
Greg Keighery   pp. 93-95
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Weeds on granite outcrops in temperate Australia, South Africa and the USA
Stephen D. Hopper   pp. 96-99
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A weed risk minimisation strategy for the European olive, Olea europaea ssp. europaea, in Tasmania
Cindy S.T. Hanson   pp. 100-103
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The capacity of lantana (Lantana camara L.) to displace native vegetation
Daniel H. Stock and Clyde H. Wild   pp. 104-107
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An audit system to account for birds and mammals utilising weeds species
Suzanne Lawrie   pp. 108-111
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Controlling Sparaxis bulbifera (L.) Ker Gawl. invading a clay based wetland on the Swan Coastal Plain
Kate Brown and Kris Brooks   p. 112
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The role of boneseed in modifying native seedling recruitment in New Zealand coastal communities
Kate McAlpine and Susan Timmins   p. 112
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Control of bridal creeper Asparagus asparagoides on Kings Park Scarp and limiting factors on its growth and spread
Kathy Meney, Bob Dixon and Peter Moonie   pp. 113-116
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Patterns of native and exotic species establishment in banksia woodland after fire
María A. Pérez-Fernández, Byron B. Lamont and Philip K. Groom   pp. 117-119
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Natural propagation of orange buddleia (Buddleja madagascariensis Lamarck) in eastern Australia
Daniel H. Stock and Clyde H. Wild   pp. 120-123
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Weed management and ecology: aquatic systems

New aquatic weed threats in northern Victoria
Lalith Gunasekera, Kevin Krake and Patrick Pigott   pp. 124-125
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Egeria densa - an alien invasive plant responsible for the devegetation of New Zealand shallow lakes
Paul D. Champion   pp. 126-129
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Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. (Japanese knotweed) - an underrated threat to riparian zones in Australia
Nigel Ainsworth and John Weiss   pp. 130-133
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Reclaiming Botany Wetlands, Sydney through integrated management of Ludwigia peruviana and other weeds
Nimal Chandrasena, Leonard Pinto and Robyn Sim   pp. 134-137
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Keeping the Northern Territory free of alligator weed
Bertrand Lukitsch and Lalith Gunasekera   pp. 138-139
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Successful alligator weed management in Victoria
Lalith Gunasekera, Julio Bonilla and Patrick Pigott   pp. 140-141
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Assessment of alien invasive aquatic weeds in the UK
Sarah Clarke and Jonathan R. Newman   pp. 142-145
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Weed management and ecology: pastures

Effect of herbicide treatment on the productivity of some annual pasture legumes
Clinton K. Revell   pp. 146-149
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Gap ecology of Vulpia spp. in perennial pastures
Katherine N. Tozer, David F. Chapman, Paul E. Quigley and Peter M. Dowling   pp. 150-152
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Lucerne production following residual herbicides used in northern cropping systems
John Churchett, Steve Walker and David Lloyd   pp. 153-155
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Verdict 520 controls Erodium spp. in pasture, but be careful of the species, rate and state
Gregory S. Wells   pp. 156-157
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Control of weeds using an experimental blanket wiper
Brad J. Rayner and John R. Peirce   pp. 158-160
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Effect of early application of bromoxynil on the population dynamics of a regenerating pasture species mixture
Anyou Liu and Clinton Revell   pp. 161-164
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Weed management and ecology: tropics

Integrated management of Mimosa pigra
Quentin Paynter and Grant J. Flanagan   pp. 165-168
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Is aerial control of bellyache bush effective?
Joseph Vitelli and Barbara Madigan   pp. 169-172
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Pond apple - are the endangered cassowary and feral pig helping this weed to invade. Queensland's Wet Tropics?
Melissa Setter, Matt Bradford, Bill Dorney, Ben Lynes, Jim Mitchell, Stephen Setter. and David Westcott   pp. 173-176
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Research, education and services of the Tropical and Subtropical Weeds Research Unit, University of Queensland
Steve W. Adkins and Mary F. Paterson   pp. 177-179
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The impact of the rust fungus Maravalia cryptostegiae on three rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) populations in tropical Queensland
Wayne Vogler and Andrea Lindsay   pp. 180-182
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Weed management and ecology: global perspectives

Taxonomic patterns in the naturalisation rate of plant species in New Zealand
Richard P. Duncan and Peter A. Williams   pp. 183-185
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Internet surveillance - new web search and response application is a valuable biosecurity tool
Margaret J. Rotstein, Sandra G. Lloyd, A.L. Fowler and Ronald E. Stinner   pp. 186-188
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How often to search for new weeds
Susan Timmins, Simon Harris and Jennifer Brown   pp. 189-191
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Weed warning from downunder - the weed potential of selected South African plants in cultivation in California
Roderick P. Randall and Sandra G. (Sandy) Lloyd   pp. 192-195
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Getting in early: a national approach to anticipating, detecting and managing potential new weeds in Australia
Paul Pheloung   pp. 196-199
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Weed management and ecology: horticulture

Weed management in pyrethrum
Ian L. Macleod, Phillip R. Frost and Tim Groom   p. 200
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Weed management in transplanted and direct-seeded brassicas
Ian L. Macleod and Phillip R. Frost   p. 200
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Improved management of residual herbicides
Phillip Frost, Ian Macleod, Philip Brown, John Paul Cumming and Richard Doyle   pp. 201-203
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Dimethenamid-p - a new selective herbicide for Australian horticulture
Ian L. Macleod and Phillip R. Frost   pp. 204-205
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Evaluation of new herbicides in carrot crops
Ian L. Macleod and Phillip R. Frost   p. 206
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Weed management in capsicums and chillies
Ian L. Macleod and Phillip R. Frost   p. 206
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Improved management of blackberry nightshade in processing tomatoes
Ian L. Macleod, Greg Barnes and Phillip R. Frost   p. 207
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Strategies for controlling weeds in New Zealand apple orchards
Kerry C. Harrington, M. Jennifer Hartley, Anis Rahman and Trevor K. James   pp. 208-211
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A survey of Apiaceae weeds in pyrethrum fields and an assessment of factors controlling the germination of Torilis nodosa and Anthriscus caucalis
Richard Rawnsley, Peter Lane, Phil Brown and Tim Groom   pp. 212-217
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Going organic: a study of weed management in an intensive organic vegetable production system
Andrew Bishop, Jason Dennis, Julia French and Phillip Gardam   pp. 218-221
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Halting the sale and distribution of pest plants: a proven collaborative model for change management
C. Jack Craw   pp. 222-224
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Control of Oxalis corniculata in turf
Jyri Kaapro   pp. 225-226
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Bridal creeper - a serious weed of citrus orchards
Raelene Kwong, Kerry Roberts and Henry Schneider   p. 227
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Towards ecologically based weed management systems in vineyards
R.D. Flores Vargas and G.W. O'Hara   pp. 228-231
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Modelling

Comparing Roundup Ready and triazine tolerant canola in crop rotations accounting for variable conditions
Art Diggle, Patrick Smith, Paul Neve and Felicity Flugge   pp. 232-235
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Multi-species RIM: a bio-economic model for the integrated management of coexisting annual ryegrass and wild radish
Marta Monjardino, David J. Pannell and Stephen Powles   pp. 236-239
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Validating ryegrass RIM using data from IWM field trials
Alister Draper and William Roy   pp. 240-243
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4SPaM: a process-based and weather-driven population model for managing weeds in temperate pastures
Darren J. Kriticos, Peter M. Dowling, Warren McG. King, Andrew W. Sheppard and Randall E. Jones   pp. 244-247
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Modelling the population interactions between the crown weevil Mogulones larvatus and its host plant Echium plantagineum
Andy Sheppard, Mark Rees, Matthew Smyth, Karl Grigulis and Yvonne Buckley   pp. 248-251
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WEEDEM: a user-friendly software package for predicting annual ryegrass and wild radish emergence
David Archer, James Eklund, Michael Walsh and Frank Forcella   pp. 252-253
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Using models to explore invasion dynamics and control of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Yvonne M. Buckley, David T. Briese and Mark Rees   p. 254
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A relative invasion threat model for European olive (Olea europaea L. ssp. europaea) in the Clare Valley, South Australia
Neville D. Crossman   pp. 255-258
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A modelling approach to understanding environmental modification of seed dormancy in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)
Amanda J. Ellery, Andrew D. Moore and Ross Chapman   p. 259
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Weed seedling emergence modelling: converting observations into equations for WeedEm
Frank Forcella, Michael Walsh, David Archer, Sally Peltzer, Roger Cousens, Ross Chapman, Robert Gallagher and Stephen Powles   p. 260
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Architectural responses of intra- and inter-species plant-plant interactions
Shiv Kumar, Jim Hanan and Steve Adkins   p. 261
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The development of a wild oat simulation model for APSIM
Jeremy P.M. Whish, Peter S. Carberry, Michael J. Robertson and Patrick Smith   pp. 262-265
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Towards a process based emergence model for wild radish
Ken Young, Darren Kriticos and Robert Gallagher   pp. 266-269
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Invasions and eradications

The Branched Broomrape Eradication Program: methodologies, problems encountered and lessons learnt
Paul Jupp, Philip Warren and Nick Secomb   pp. 270-273
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Herbicide and cropping trials relevant to the eradication of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) in South Australia
John M. Matthews   pp. 274-275
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Small-seeded dodder (Cuscuta planiflora Ten.), a new weed threat to Australian agriculture
Rachael A. Pratt   pp. 276-279
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The biology and control of chincherinchee (Ornithogalum thyrsoides Jacq.)
John H. Moore   pp. 280-283
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Integrated management of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) in Pacific Northwest dryland cropping systems
Frank L. Young, Dan Ball, Donn Thill, Joseph P. Yenish and J. Richard Alldredge   pp. 284-286
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Taurian thistle in Australia - a candidate for eradication?
R.H. Groves, M. Moerkerk, D. Blakey and P.H.R. Moore   p. 287
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Purple loosestrife eradication in Alberta
Shaffeek Ali   p. 288
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Limnocharis flava, Mikania micrantha and Clidemia hirta detected in north Queensland: are these weeds lurking at a site near you?
Barbara M. Waterhouse and Louise Hucks   p. 289
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Grapple plant (Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meissn., Pedaliaceae) is a menacing new weed threat to Australia and the United States
Sandra G. (Sandy) Lloyd and Roderick P. Randall   pp. 290-291
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Potential hosts of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) in Australia
John Virtue, Che DeDear, Anna Traeger, Frank Anderson and Brett Broomell   p. 292
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Successful eradications workshop

Eradication of the exotic weeds Helenium amarum (Rafin) H.L. and Eupatorium serotinum Michx. from south-eastern Queensland
A.J. Tomley and F.D. Panetta   pp. 293-296
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Case history of the eradication of fringed spider flower, Cleome rutidosperma DC
Andrew Mitchell and Michael Schmid   pp. 297-299
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Eradication of kochia (Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott, Chenopodiaceae) in Western Australia
Jonathan Dodd and Roderick P. Randall   pp. 300-303
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Eradication case history, Hieracium pilosella L. ssp. nigrescens (Fr.) Nägeli & Peter in Tasmania
T. Rudman and C. Goninon   pp. 304-306
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Some general principles for weed eradication programs
R.H. Groves and F.D. Panetta   pp. 307-310
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Herbicides

Butafenacil - a new complimentary premix partner for triasulfuron or glyphosate for the enhanced knockdown and residual control of weeds in broadacre cropping situations
Brett A. Davies   pp. 311-314
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Flumioxazin - A new knockdown spike herbicide for the Australian market
David Howey   pp. 315-317
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The use of carfentrazone-ethyl to aid in the knockdown of difficult to control broad leaved weeds
Gordon Cumming   pp. 318-320
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Distribution of the herbicides clomazone and pendimethalin in soils, and implications for activity and persistence
John Paul Cumming, Philip H. Brown, Richard B. Doyle and Philip Frost   pp. 321-324
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Low temperatures reduce glufosinate efficacy against Raphanus raphanistrum L. and Sisymbrium orientale L.
Anuja R. Kumaratilake, Deborah F. Lorraine-Colwill, and Christopher Preston   pp. 325-328
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Persistence of ALS inhibiting (Group B) herbicides in alkaline soils of south eastern Australia
Katherine Hollaway, Dianne Noy and Nigel Wilhelm   pp. 329-332
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Enhanced degradation of propyzamide after repeated application in orchards
Hilde Eelen, Robert Bulcke and Jean Rouchaud   pp. 333-336
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The control of Paspalum dilatatum in Cynodon dactylon sports turf
Matthew Bywater   pp. 337-338
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Broadstrike Herbicide spot spray for pasture weeds in hard-to-spray areas
Daniel G.H. Dixon   pp. 339-340
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Adjuvants for use with Select herbicide and mixtures with atrazine
David Howey and Mark Sumner   pp. 341-342
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Participatory development of weed management strategies in maize based cropping systems of Kenya
G.N. Kibata, J.M. Maina, E.G. Thuranira, F.J. Musembi, G. Nyanyu, J.G.N. Muthamia, J.O. Okuro, I. Mutura, S. Amboga, A.N. Micheni, F. Mureithi, D. Overfield and P.J. Terry   pp. 343-344
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Trifloxysulfuron-sodium: a new post-emergence herbicide for use in Australian cotton and sugarcane
Peter Mesch, Stott Howard and Peter O'Connell   pp. 345-347
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The tolerance of canola to herbicides
John Moore   pp. 348-351
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A low-rate spike of Verdict 520 with Select Herbicide improves control of key grass weeds
Peter Nott   pp. 352-354
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Impact of fallow management regimes on nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers in irrigable broadacre crops in central Queensland
Vikki Osten, Megan McCosker, Anne Sullivan and Jim Barnes   pp. 355-356
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Safe recropping after Lontrel in winter crop systems in southern Australia
Gregory S. Wells   pp. 357-360
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Biological control of weeds

Biological control of tropical weeds with Central and South American origin: current activities by CSIRO Entomology Mic Julien
361   pp. 361-365
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Prospects for the biological control of bellyache bush, Jatropha gossypiifolia
Tim A. Heard, Richard R. Chan and Ricardo Segura   pp. 366-369
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Challenges facing the successful management of widely distributed weeds: biological control of mesquite (Prosopis species)
Rieks D. van Klinken, Gio Fichera, Rob Parr, Eric McCormick, Rob Cobon, Lyle Fleck, Nathan March and John McMahon   pp. 370-372
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Biological control of broad-leafed pasture weeds (Paterson's curse, Onopordum and nodding thistles). What have we achieved and where to from here?
Anthony Swirepik and Matthew Smyth   pp. 373-376
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Review of the potential for biological control of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) based on surveys in the Mediterranean region
John K. Scott, Janine Vitou and Mireille Jourdan   pp. 377-380
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Population development and impact of the bridal creeper leafhopper Zygina sp. in Western Australia
Kathryn L. Batchelor and Tim L. Woodburn   pp. 381-384
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Spread, epidemic development and impact of the bridal creeper rust in Australia: summary of results
Louise Morin, Anthony J. Willis, Joel Armstrong and Darren Kriticos   pp. 385-388
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Prospodium tuberculatum, lantana rust, a new agent released for the biocontrol of the woody shrub Lantana camara
Allan J. Tomley and N. Riding   pp. 389-390
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Field release and initial impact of groundsel bush rust in Australia
Allan J. Tomley and L. Willsher   pp. 391-393
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A strategy for the biological control of blue heliotrope (Heliotropium amplexicaule)
David Briese and Miguel Zapater   pp. 394-397
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Sheep as biological control agents against St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): factors affecting hypericin variation and hypericin tolerance
Christopher A. Bourke, Ian A. Southwell and Gwen M. Mayo   pp. 398-401
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The leaf beetle, Crioceris sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a potential biocontrol agent for bridal creeper in Australia
Kathryn L. Batchelor and Tim L. Woodburn   p. 402
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Weed seed predation in a low rainfall cropping zone of Western Australia: spatial variation of weed seed predation
Catherine Borger, David Minkey and Helen Spafford Jacob   p. 403
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Two seed-feeding beetles released in Queensland and Western Australia for the biological control of mesquite
Graham Donnelly   p. 404
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Impact of bitou tip moth, Comostolopsis germana, on bitou bush in New South Wales
Royce H. Holtkamp   pp. 405-406
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Attempts to establish biological control agents for boneseed in Tasmania
John E. Ireson, Jamie T. Davies, Wade S. Chatterton and Richard J. Holloway   pp. 407-411
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Biology of Stethynium sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) an egg parasitoid of Zygina sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Anna Joder, Helen Spafford Jacob, Kathryn Batchelor and Tim Woodburn   p. 412
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Progress towards successful biological control of Paterson's curse, Echium plantagineum, in north east Victoria
T. Morley, D.A. McLaren, K. Roberts and J. Bonilla   p. 412
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Weed seed predation in a low rainfall cropping zone of Western Australia: ant survey
David Minkey and Helen Spafford Jacob   p. 413
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Predicting the potential distribution of the biological control agent blackberry leaf rust (Phragmidium violaceum (Schultz) Winter) and its impact on blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L. agg.) in Victoria, Australia
J. Patrick Pigott, John Weiss, Franz Mahr and Kathy Evans   p. 414
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The latest insect biocontrol introduction against Parthenium hysterophorus in Queensland
Mariano Treviño, Fe Ambatali and Allan Tomley   p. 414
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Invasive willows in Australia: could they be targets for biological control?
Jean Louis Sagliocco and Eligio Bruzzese   pp. 415-417
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Biological control of blackberry: progress towards finding additional strains of the rust fungus, Phragmidium violaceum
John K. Scott, Mireille Jourdan and Katherine J. Evans   pp. 418-421
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Longitarsus echii and its impact on Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse): the insect for the Mediterranean rainfall range of the weed?
Matthew Smyth and Andy Sheppard   pp. 422-425
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A new biological control project against stemless thistle (Onopordum acaulon) in Western Australia
Anthony Swirepik and Tim Woodburn   pp. 426-429
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Establishment of the crown weevil Trichosirocalus horridus on a novel host, Cirsium vulgare in Western Australia
Tim Woodburn and Anthony Swirepik   p. 430
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Genetic diversity in the biological control process: Acacia nilotica as a test case
T.J. Wardill, K.D. Scott, G.C. Graham, J. Playford, M.A. Hannan-Jones, M. Zalucki and B. Palmer   p. 431
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Will the red apion (Apion miniatum), a potential biocontrol agent for doublegee (Emex australis), establish in Australia?
Paul B. Yeoh, Tim L. Woodburn and John K. Scott   pp. 432-435
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Biotechnology in weed management: issues and ethics

The evolution of weed science - an ethical perspective
Robert L. Zimdahl   pp. 436-440
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Computer assisted weed management workshop

Computer Assisted Weed Management Workshop
John Moore   p. 441
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Education and training

Weed Warriors - increasing awareness of weeds in schools
Raelene Kwong   pp. 442-445
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WEEDEM: turning information into action
Michael Walsh, Frank Forcella, David Archer and James Eklund   pp. 446-449
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A new national approach for vocational weed management training
Richard J. Carter, Darren Bayley, Joanna Blunden and Bryson Rees   pp. 450-452
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Community involvement in distributing the bridal creeper leafhopper Zygina sp., a biocontrol agent for bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides
Kathryn L. Batchelor and Tim L. Woodburn   pp. 453-455
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Getting the message out: WEEDpak - a developing weed identification and management guide for the Australian cotton industry
Stephen B. Johnson, Graham W. Charles, Ingrid H. Christiansen, Susan M. Hazlewood, Sarah E. Kerlin, David G. Kelly, Leah MacKinnon, Grant N. Roberts, Anne C. Spora, Anne M. Sullivan, Ian. N. Taylor and John Watson   p. 456
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Extension aids for community based weed action groups
John Moore   pp. 457-458
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An interactive identification key to the noxious weeds of Australia
Sheldon C. Navie, Steve W. Adkins and Geoff A. Norton   p. 459
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Weed biology and genetics

Molecular tools for the diagnosis of resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase in three grass weeds
Christophe Délye, Bruno Chauvel, Annick Matéjicek, Claire Chalopin, Séverine Michel, Jacques Gasquez and Henri Darmency   pp. 460-463
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Competition between Australian and Spanish legumes growing in seven Australian soils
María A. Pérez-Fernández and Byron B. Lamont   pp. 464-467
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A summary of dormancy in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds: dry after-ripening versus imbibition in the dark
Kathryn J. Steadman   pp. 468-470
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Affinities of Lantana camara in the Australia-Pacific Region
Leon J. Scott, Martin A. Hannan-Jones and Glenn C. Graham   pp. 471-474
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Characterisation of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene of Raphanus raphanistrum L. and implications for weed management
Mui-Keng Tan and Richard W. Medd   pp. 475-478
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Gene flow in Brassica napus on a landscape scale
Mary A. Rieger, Michael Lamond, Christopher Preston, Stephen B. Powles and Richard T. Roush   p. 479
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Novel techniques in weed management

Cubic smoothing splines: a new method for analysing multi-site experiments
Richard W. Medd, Steve R. Walker and Brian R. Cullis   pp. 480-483
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Weed control in lupins using a new spray shield and other row crop techniques
Mike Collins and Julie Roche   pp. 484-487
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Eradication of grey willow (Salix cinerea) using herbicidal gel technology
Brian G. Ward, Ron F. Henzell and Graeme H. Pritchard   pp. 488-491
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Aerial application of Magister in rice using the Bickley boom
Richard B. Warner, Bickley G. Thomas, Graham Barrett and Gordon Cumming   pp. 492-496
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Policy and planning

Biosecurity for Australia requires collective action from all stakeholders. Who should care about weeds and other pest incursions?
Rob Delane and Sandra G. (Sandy) Lloyd   pp. 497-500
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Planning for improved weed management in Victoria
David N. McKenzie   pp. 501-504
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Assessing the financial implications of alternative investment options in weed control
John Weiss, Tereso A. Morfe and David McLaren   pp. 505-508
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Victoria's pest plant prioritisation process
John Weiss and David McLaren   pp. 509-512
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Management of weeds in commercial timber plantations located in public drinking water source areas in Western Australia
Ray Fremlin   pp. 513-516
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Statewide weed education: what works, and what doesn't
Susan G. Donaldson and Claudene Wharton   pp. 517-520
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Victorian serrated tussock management program
David Boyle   pp. 521-524
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Management of weeds on state lands - a new policy and planning approach
Bruce J. Wilson, Glen W. Fisher, Jim Willmott and Salvo Vitelli   pp. 525-527
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Problem + Research¹ Weed Management Solution
Craig S. Walton, Clyde C. McGaw and Peter A. Mackey   p. 528
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Weed biology

The ecology of saffron thistle in France and eastern Australia
Blair S. Grace, Andy W. Sheppard, Janine Vitou, Wal R.D.B. Whalley and Brian M. Sindel   pp. 529-532
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Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arechav.: seedling recruitment and survival in New Zealand
Shona Lamoureaux and Graeme Bourdôt   pp. 533-536
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The effect of barley and Lolium rigidum plant densities on the biomass and spike density of the weed
Jordi Izquierdo, Jordi Recasens, César Fernández-Quintanilla and Gurjeet Gill   pp. 537-540
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Predicting seedbank decay rates: the effects of field conditions on seed longevity and seedling recruitment in Echium plantagineum L.
Andy Sheppard and Matthew Smyth   pp. 541-544
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Invasion of indigenous vegetation in south-western Australia by Leptospermum laevigatum (Myrtaceae)
Anya Lam and Eddie van Etten   pp. 545-548
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Coolati or tambookie grass (Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf) - an introduced pasture grass with environmental weed potential
Sandra G. (Sandy) Lloyd and John Moore   pp. 549-551
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Agro-ecology of Malva sp. in Western Australia
Pippa J. Michael, Julie A. Plummer and Kathryn J. Steadman   p. 552
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How fast do the seedbanks of five annual cropping weeds deplete in the absence of weed seed input?
Sally C. Peltzer and Paul T. Matson   pp. 553-555
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Effects of nitrogen, light and wet and dry heat treatments, on the germination of six perennial plant species from western Spain
María A. Pérez-Fernández, S. Rodríguez Echeverría, C.E. David Antonio and E. Calvo Magro   pp. 556-559
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Effect of water supply on the germination of seven exotic and seven native species in Western Australia
María A. Pérez-Fernández, Byron B. Lamont, Anjanette L. Marwick and Wesley G. Lamont   pp. 560-563
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Allelopathic responses of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on germination and seedling vigour in Sorghum vulgare L. and Cajanus cajan L. and control measures for the weed
G.P. Satsangi, J.N. Shrivastava, Sandhya Kumari and Nidhi Gangwar   pp. 564-568
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Weeds threatening rehabilitation efforts on mine sites in the gold fields of Western Australia and the Northern Territory: competition between Rumex vesicarius (Polygonaceae) and Australian native plant species and seedbank studies
Andrea Schatral and Joan M. Osborne   p. 569
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Seed quality and germination in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)
Janine Vitou and John K. Scott   pp. 570-573
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Weed mapping and control

Weed mapping in the Blue Mountains - the BlueSpace experience
Lynton J. Auld and Christopher K. Banffy   pp. 574-578
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Mapping environmental weeds in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia, using high resolution infrared aerial photography
Neville D. Crossman and Jacob Kochergen   pp. 579-582
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Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) with particular reference to invasive Australian species
Lesley Henderson   pp. 583-585
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Strategic management of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata (L.) T.Norl.)
Jeff Thomas and Andrew Leys   pp. 586-590
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Modelling the biological control of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera: Asteraceae) by Mesoclanis polana (Tephritidae)
Rachel M. Stuart, Darren J. Kriticos and Julian E. Ash   pp. 591-594
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Herbicide resistance

Frequency of glyphosate resistance in herbicide resistant annual ryegrass populations
John M. Matthews   pp. 595-596
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Regression of herbicide resistance in some populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.)
John M. Matthews   pp. 597-600
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Glyphosate resistance in northern New South Wales - a growing concern
Andrew Storrie and Tony Cook   pp. 601-603
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The spread of herbicide resistant annual ryegrass pollen
Dawn Hawthorn-Jackson, Christopher Preston and Rob Davidson   p. 604
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Evolution of paraquat resistance in barley grass (Hordeum leporinum Link. and H. glaucum Steud.)
Imam Hidayat, Mary A. Rieger and Christopher Preston   pp. 605-608
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The ecological fitness of Amaranthus retroflexus and A. blitoides resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors and atrazine
M. Sibony and B. Rubin   pp. 609-612
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Glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum Gaud. in Australia
Debrah F. Lorraine-Colwill, Angela M. Wakelin and Christopher Preston   pp. 613-616
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Herbicide resistance in the northern grain region of Australia: developments in research from 1993 to present
C.C. O'Donnell, S.W. Adkins and S.R. Walker   pp. 617-619
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Weeds at risk of developing herbicide resistance in the different cropping systems of the northern region
Steve Walker, Vikki Osten, Andrew Storrie, Geoff Robinson, Tony Cook and Kathryn Galea   pp. 620-621
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Recent herbicide resistance research in New Zealand
Kerry C. Harrington   pp. 622-624
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Ecological and population genetics of herbicide resistance: where to now?
Paul Neve and Stephen B. Powles   pp. 625-628
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Cross resistance of diflufenican-resistant wild radish to picolinafen
Aik Cheam and Siew Lee   p. 629
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Amaranthus tuberculatus (Mq. ex DC) J.D.Sauer: potential for selection of glyphosate resistance
Ian A. Zelaya and Micheal D.K. Owen   pp. 630-633
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Potential benefits and risks associated with the introduction of herbicide-resistant transgenic cotton in Israel
Hagai Yasuor, Gil Tsuk and Baruch Rubin   pp. 634-637
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Pattern and molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides in two Amaranthus species
M. Sibony and B. Rubin   pp. 638-641
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Differential sensitivity to glyphosate among biotypes of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer)
Reid J. Smeda and Christopher L. Schuster   p. 642
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Management of acetyl coA carboxylase inhibitor resistant wild oats in northern New South Wales
Andrew Storrie and Tony Cook   p. 643
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Experiences with glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) in the eastern United States
Mark VanGessel, Barbara Scott, and Quintin Johnson   p. 644
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Herbicide resistance symposium

Herbicide resistance - Australia vs. the rest of the world
Ian M. Heap   pp. 645-649
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Impact of herbicide resistant crops in the Americas - a southern prospective
Ford L. Baldwin and Tomilea L. Baldwin   pp. 650-654
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Impact of herbicide resistant crops in North America - a northern perspective
Micheal D.K. Owen and Ian A. Zelaya   pp. 655-659
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Experience with herbicide resistance in Europe: global implications
Stephen R. Moss   pp. 660-665
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Common mechanisms endowing herbicide resistance in weeds
Christopher Preston   pp. 666-674
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How the agribusiness industry can respond to herbicide resistance in weeds
Peter Boutsalis   pp. 675-676
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Western Australian agronomic research and development for resistance management
Michael Walsh   pp. 677-679
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What Australian growers will adopt in managing herbicide resistance
Rick S. Llewellyn   pp. 680-684
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Community links for successful weed management

Weeds or wildflowers
Hazel E. Dempster   pp. 685-688
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Weed control on the public-private land interface in Victoria - the 'Good Neighbour Program'
Leigh C. Dennis   pp. 689-692
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An integrated weed management strategy for Serpentine-Jarrahdale
Brett Dunn   pp. 693-696
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Caring for Country: the rapidly developing formalised structure for land management on Aboriginal lands of the Top End
Michael Storrs, Mark Ashley and Matthew Brown   pp. 697-700
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Enhancement of biological control of bridal creeper by using community as a resource
Tim L. Woodburn, Louise Morin, Kathryn L. Batchelor, Anthony Swirepik and Joel Armstrong   pp. 701-703
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How environmental weeds threaten bushland: 'weeds or wildflowers'
Diane Matthews   p. 704
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Integrated weed management

Suppressing weeds in conservation farming
Deirdre Lemerle, Steve Sutherland, Eric Koetz and Alison Smith   pp. 705-708
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Broadcast sowing, crop row spacing and crop density for the suppression of ryegrass in wheat rotations
John Matthews   pp. 709-711
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Competitiveness and persistence of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in a wheat-lupin rotation
Abul Hashem and Nerys Wilkins   pp. 712-715
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Impact of claying on grass weed management and profitability
John Blake and Sally Peltzer   pp. 716-719
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Recent findings in physical and cultural weed control in Mediterranean Italy
Paolo Bàrberi and Anna-Camilla Moonen   pp. 720-723
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Is continuous wheat a viable rotation option when challenged by herbicide resistant annual ryegrass populations?
Alexandra Douglas   pp. 724-726
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Integrated weed management (IWM) in perennial pasture using pasture and grazing management, herbicide strategies and biological control
R.K. Huwer, M.J. Neave, P.M. Dowling, W.M. Lonsdale, A.W. Sheppard, D.T. Briese and D.L. Michalk   pp. 727-730
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Weeds in systems with dryland cotton: a scoping study
Steve Walker, Vikki Osten, Ian Taylor and Anne Sullivan   p. 731
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Weed economics

What are the future benefits of a change in the weed seedbank?
Randall E. Jones, Oscar J. Cacho and Richard W. Medd   pp. 732-735
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Managing risk: measuring the economic and other benefits of a herbicide dose strategy able to account for environmental variation
Thomas L. Nordblom, Randall E. Jones and Richard W. Medd   pp. 736-739
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The economics of cultivation vs. herbicides vs. mulch control and cultivation under different tillage systems
Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh   pp. 740-743
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Estimating economic damages of non-indigenous invasive weeds on recreation using three analytical approaches
Mark E. Eiswerth, Wayne S. Johnson, Jeanmarie Agapoff, Tim D. Darden and Thomas R. Harris   pp. 744-747
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Net economic benefits of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium L.) management
John R. Zimmerman, Mark E. Eiswerth, Loretta Singletary and Wayne S. Johnson   p. 748
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Distribution, economic impact and attitudes towards Chilean needlegrass (Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth) in Australia
David A. McLaren, Tereso A. Morfe and John Weiss   pp. 749-752
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Benefit-cost analysis for biological control of Echium spp. (Paterson's curse and related species) in Australia, 1972-2050
Thomas L. Nordblom, Matthew J. Smyth, Anthony Swirepik, Andrew W. Sheppard and David T. Briese   pp. 753-756
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