15th Australian Weeds Conference (2006)

“Managing Weeds in a Changing Climate”

Adelaide Conference Centre, Adelaide, South Australia.
24-28 September 2006.
Peer-reviewed proceedings edited by C. Preston, J.H. Watts and N.D. Crossman.
Published by Weed Management Society of South Australia Inc.

Invasive alien species – are we up to the challenge?
H.A. Mooney, E.S. Zavaleta and R.J. Hobbs   pp. 1-5
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Plenery

Riparian vegetation – degraded, invaded, transformed. Towards a conceptual framework for management
David M. Richardson   pp. 6-10
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Bayer CropScience symposium: New developments in crop weed management

New developments in weed management from industry
Martin Hess, Arno Schulz, Hermann Stuebler and Hansjoerg Kraehmer   pp. 11-16
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Evolving on-farm weed management systems: the Canadian experience
Robert E. Blackshaw   pp. 17-21
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Symposium: Changing climates in Australia: What might it mean for weeds

Climate change and weed management in Australian farming systems
Peter Hayman and Victor Sadras   pp. 22-26
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Predicting the potential geographic distribution of weeds in 2080
Darren J. Kriticos, Neil S. Alexander and Shaun M. Kolomeitz   pp. 27-34
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Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on weeds in New South Wales: establishing priorities
Rachael Gallagher, Linda Beaumont, Paul O. Downey, Lesley Hughes and Michelle R. Leishman   pp. 35-39
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National initiatives

Is it all just WoNS and the same? Successes and challenges in the management of WoNS across Australia
Sarah Holland Clift, Hillary Cherry, Andrew Petroeschevsky and Peter Austin   pp. 40-43
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National weed containment and eradication zones: challenges, successes and lessons learned
Hillary Cherry, Sandy Leighton, Andrew Clark and Peter Austin   pp. 44-47
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Developing best practice manuals for Weeds of National Significance
Marc Carter, Andrew Clark and Elissa van Oosterhout   pp. 48-51
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Defeating the Weed Menace R&D: researching the impacts of change on weed invasion
Judy Lambert   pp. 52-54
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Towards cooperative national arrangements for weed spread prevention – the saga continues
Mirranie J. Barker   pp. 55-56
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A national protocol for post-border weed risk management
J.G. Virtue and F.D. Panetta   p. 57
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Raising the profile of weeds – are we on track?
Peter Martin   p. 58
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Symposium: Animal dispersal of weeds: Managing weeds, native plant regeneration and fauna requirements

Opportunities for managing the dispersal of fleshy-fruited invasive plants
Carl R. Gosper and Gabrielle Vivian-Smith   pp. 59-62
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Murraya paniculata: what is the potential for this popular ornamental plant to become an environmental weed?
Eve M. White, Gabrielle Vivian-Smith and Carl R. Gosper   pp. 63-66
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A moving feast: the influence of landscape context on bird-mediated seed rain into conservation areas
S. Anderson, S. Heiss-Dunlop and J. Flohr   pp. 67-71
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Refining melastome dispersal modes in rain forest landscapes
Daniel J. Metcalfe, Helen Murphy, David Westcott, Travis Sydes and Gabrielle Vivian-Smith   p. 72
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Seeing the forest through the weeds: frugivorous birds and rainforest regeneration in subtropical regrowth dominated by camphor laurel
Wendy Neilan, Carla Catterall, John Kanowski and Stephen McKenna   pp. 73-76
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Land use and feral olives in the Adelaide Hills
David A. Cooke   pp. 77-79
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Incorporating dispersal ecology into the management of plant invasions
David A. Westcott and Andrew J. Dennis   pp. 80-82
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Scientific approaches to selecting weed replacement plants for use by frugivorous birds
Carl R. Gosper and Gabrielle Vivian-Smith   pp. 83-86
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Symposium: Achieving social and policy change for better weed management outcomes

Optimising government investment at different stages of the weed invasion process
Tereso A. Morfe and John Weiss   pp. 87-90
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Weed proofing Australia: a way forward on invasive garden plants
Andreas Glanznig   pp. 91-94
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�Turn the tap off before you mop up the spill�: exploring a permitted-list approach to regulations over the sale and interstate movement of potentially invasive plants in the States and Territories of Australia
Steve Csurhes, Rod Randall, Christian Goninon, Alice Beilby, Stephen Johnson and John E. Weiss   pp. 95-98
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Insights into motivations and barriers for weed control in grazing districts of southern Australia
A.W. van der Meulen, I.J. Reeve and B.M. Sindel   pp. 99-102
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Changing perceptions in a changing climate: invasive plant species management in Mediterranean landscapes
Douglas Bardsley and Gareth Edwards-Jones   pp. 103-106
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Victorian local government managing weeds in a changing climate
Naree Atkinson and Nina Rogers   pp. 107-110
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Measuring the level of public weed awareness
Peter Martin   pp. 111-113
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Weedbusters New Zealand in a changing social environment
Carolyn Lewis and Ian Popay   pp. 114-117
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Weeds: new strategies for an old problem
Paul Martin   pp. 118-121
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Biology and ecology of crop weeds

Logic, not convention, should dictate methodology: spatial pattern as a case study
Roger D. Cousens   pp. 122-125
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The germination ecology of common heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum L.)
James R. Hunt, Roger D. Cousens and Sue E. Knights   pp. 126-129
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The effect of rhizome fragment length and burial depth on Physalis viscosa L. survival
Steven Faulkner and Ken Young   pp. 130-132
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Morphology and molecular characterisation of Echinochloa species in the northern grain region
Michelle D. Keenan, Steve Walker, Michael Widderick, Mandy Chrisher, Brian Sindel, Ian Taylor and Hanwen Wu   pp. 133-136
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Biology and management of flaxleaf fleabane (Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist)
Hanwen Wu, Steve Walker, Ian Taylor and GeoffRobinson   pp. 137-140
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Pod and seed coat factors in seed dormancy of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)
Seyed V. Eslami, Gurjeet S. Gill, Bill Bellotti and Glenn McDonald   pp. 141-144
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Russian thistle (Salsola spp.) biology and management
Frank L. Young   pp. 145-147
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Seed viability and dormancy in roly poly (Salsola tragus L.) populations
Catherine Borger, John K. Scott, Michael Walsh and Stephen Powles   pp. 148-150
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Does Polymeria take-all? Competition for water and nutrients between Polymeria longifolia (Polymeria take-all) and cotton
Stephen B. Johnson and Brian M. Sindel   pp. 151-154
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Is seed dispersal density-dependent?
M.S. Taghizadeh and R.D. Cousens   pp. 155-158
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Sowing method and sowing rate effects on wheat and annual ryegrass competition
Abul Hashem and Glen P. Riethmuller   pp. 159-162
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Biology and management of red dodder – a new threat to the grains industry
Abul Hashem, Daya Patabendige and Chris Roberts   pp. 163-166
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Seed dormancy in Papaver rhoeas is affected by the time of emergence of mother plants
Joel Torra and Jordi Recasens   pp. 167-170
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Can a lab test predict field persistence of weed seeds?
Rowena L. Long, Kathryn J. Steadman, F. Dane Panetta, Ren�e M. Bekker, Robin Probert and Steve W. Adkins   p. 171
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Phenotypic plasticity of sowthistle and its offspring in response to light availability
S-Zahra-Hosseini Cici, Jim Hanan, Brian Sindel and Steve Adkins   pp. 172-175
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Genetic variation within and among silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) populations in South Australia
Victoria Hawker, Chrisher Preston and Jeanine Baker   p. 176
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Environmental weeds

Environmental weeds along New Zealand roadsides: an initial assessment
Susan M. Timmins, Mark Smale, Jon J. Sullivan and Peter A. Williams   pp. 177-179
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Ecology of Lilium formosanum Wallace and implications for management
Susie Warner, A.C. Grice and J.A. Duggin   pp. 180-183
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Predicting weed seed persistence in the soil: hydration cycles enhance seed longevity
Rowena L. Long, Kathryn J. Steadman, F. Dane Panetta and Steve W. Adkins   pp. 184-187
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A succulent escape in the arid lands of southern Australia – carrion flower (Orbea variegata)
Iggy Honan   pp. 188-190
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Conflicting values of ped lavender Lavandula stoechas L.: the essential oil on a complex issue
Heidi Nicholson   pp. 191-194
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Control of the environmental weeds Reynoutria japonica and Bryonia cretica
T.K. James, A. Rahman and A.I. Popay   pp. 195-198
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Functional diversity of native and invasive plant species in tropical rainforests
Helen T. Murphy, David A. Westcott and Dan J. Metcalfe   pp. 199-202
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Gorse and broom in the Adelaide Hills: effect of invasive species on soil microbial biomass and nutrients
Alice M. Dewar, Jos� M. Facelli, Petra Marschner, F. Andrew Smith and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 203-206
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Impacts of Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Coolatai grass) on native vegetation in a travelling stock route in northern New South Wales
V.K. Chejara, C. Nadolny, P. Kristiansen, R.B.D. Whalley and B.M. Sindel   pp. 207-210
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Regrowth of blackberry two years after the 2003 wildfires in Victoria
Nigel Ainsworth and Franz Mahr   pp. 211-214
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Bellyache bush: a resilient shrub in northern Australia
Wayne Vogler   pp. 215-218
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Using herbicide to control century plant (Agave americana): implications for management
Douglas C. Bickerton   pp. 219-222
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Seasonal timing of glyphosate application: impacts on native plant communities in a north Australian tropical savanna
Kristine Brooks, Samantha A. Setterfield and Michael M. Douglas   pp. 223-226
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Bumblebees: implications of a new super-pollinator in mainland Australia
Rachel E. McFadyen and Sandy G. Lloyd   pp. 227-230
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Slow down and smell the vanilla lilies
Peter Tucker   pp. 231-234
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Trait differences between exotic and native species within a long-grazed temperate grassland on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales
Anita C. Chalmers   pp. 235-238
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Integrated management of hybrid mesquite: a collaborative fight against one of Australia�s worst woody weeds
Linda J. Anderson, Rieks D. van Klinken, Robert J. Parr, Richard Climas and David Barton   pp. 239-242
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Best-practice chemical control of English broom (Cytisus scoparius) evaluated in Alpine National Park, Victoria, through adaptive experimental management program
Cathy Allan, Lynise Wearne, Jodi Price, Marie Keatley and Paula Tumino   pp. 243-246
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The dynamics of Lantana camara L. invasion of subtropical rainforest in south-east Queensland
Daniel H. Stock and Clyde Wild   pp. 247-250
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Mimosa pigra in Queensland
J.S. Vitelli, B.A. Madigan and K.J. Worsley   pp. 251-254
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The distribution of western Cape form of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) in South Australia and Victoria
Robin B. Coles, Katrina L. Willing, John G. Conran and Dennis Gannaway   pp. 255-256
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Developing a bush regeneration plan to restore degraded habitat
Tiffany Knott and Mellesa Schroder   pp. 257-260
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Rhamnus, rats and Rangitoto
A. Ian Popay, Trevor James and Phil Brown   pp. 261-263
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Site- versus species-based approaches to weed management in Australia
Paul O. Downey and Andrew W. Sheppard   pp. 264-267
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Seed coat morphology of Parkinsonia aculeata L. and pattern of heat-induced fractures
Kenneth A. Scott   pp. 268-271
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Reproductive phenology of Pennisetum pedicellatum
Samantha Setterfield, Michael Douglas, Jane Barratt and Kristine Brooks   pp. 272-274
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Medicinal herbs and weeds in colonial Victoria
John Dwyer   pp. 275-278
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Management of horsetail species using herbicides
Nigel Ainsworth, Lalith Gunasekera and Julio Bonilla   pp. 279-282
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Controlling gorse seedbanks
John Moore, Libby Sandiford, Liz Austen and Grey Poulish   pp. 283-286
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Taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott): effects of removal on the natural biodiversity of a fresh water wetland and implications for restoration of similar habitats
Kate Brown and Grazyna Paczkowska   p. 287
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Control of Arctotheca calendula amongst the critically endangered Corrigin grevillea Grevillea scapigera on translocation sites in the wheatbelt of Western Australia
I.R. (Bob) Dixon   pp. 288-290
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The distribution of Rorippa sylvestris, creeping yellow cress in South Australia
Robin B. Coles   pp. 291-292
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How bad is blackberry in south-west Australia?
P.B. Yeoh, L. Fontanini, R.J. Cranfield and J.K. Scott   p. 293
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Molecular identification of invasive Billardiera fusiformis genotypes from the indigenous populations in Western Australia
Anna M. Williams, Guijun Yan, Eligio Bruzzese and Helen Spafford Jacob   p. 294
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What does genetic variation in one-leaf Cape tulip (Moraea flaccida) populations in Australia tell us: implications for classical biological control?
Deborah Blackman, Jeanine Baker and Chrisher Preston   p. 295
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Africanising the tropical woodlands: canopy loss and tree death following gamba grass Andropogon gayanus invasion
Keith Ferdinands, Samantha Setterfield, Michael Douglas and Jane Barratt   p. 296
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Weeds and mines

Ecological control of weeds on mine sites across Australia
Sean M. Bellairs   pp. 297-300
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Developing closure criteria for weeds on Ranger mine
Mark R. Gardener, Jane Addison, Anne Ferguson, Peter Bayliss and Andrew Speechly   pp. 301-304
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The impact of uncontrolled weeds on the rehabilitation success of Nabarlek uranium mine in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory
Peter Bayliss, Sean M. Bellairs, Judy Manning, Kirrilly Pfitzner, Howard Smith, Mark Gardener and Greg Calvert   pp. 305-308
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Identification, persistence and management of environmental weeds in bauxite mine rehabilitation in Western Australia
Melanie A. Norman and Carl D. Grant   pp. 309-312
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Weed management on Ranger and Jabiluka mineral leases
Bronwyn Bidoli, Mark R. Gardener, Jane Addison and Andrew Speechly   pp. 313-316
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Crop weed management

Chemical control of weedy rice in pre-germinated wet seeded rice in Thailand
Chanya Maneechote, Somsak Samanwong, Rungsit Suwanketnikom and Sansanee Jamjod   pp. 317-319
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Participatory adaptation of an Integrated Weed Management strategy for wet direct-seeded rice in the Philippines
M.C. Casimero, E.C. Martin, D.K.M. Donayre, J.C. Beltran, E.M. Talon, J. Argumento, C.A. Arroyo, S.P. Marsh and R.S. Llewellyn   pp. 320-323
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Improving competitive ability of chickpea with sowthistle
S-Zahra-Hosseini Cici, Paul Kristiansen and Brian M. Sindel   pp. 324-327
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Use of glyphosate as a clearance treatment for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) production in humid savannah in central Cameroon
Lindsey Norgrove   pp. 328-330
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Improving rice-based cropping systems in north-west Bangladesh
M.A. Mazid, C.R. Riches, A.M. Mortimer, L.J. Wade and D.E. Johnson   pp. 331-334
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Windrow management for annual ryegrass control: bury, burn or bomb?
Sally C. Peltzer and Paul Matson   pp. 335-338
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Forage management effects on annual ryegrass density and cereal grain yields
Viv F. Burnett, Tim M. Enshaw and Steve J. Sutherland   pp. 339-342
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Weed seed persistence with changing farming practices in southern Queensland
Steve Walker, Bruce Wilson, Hanwen Wu, Michael Widderick and Ian Taylor   pp. 343-346
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Weeds and summer crop row spacing studies in Queensland
Vikki Osten, Hanwen Wu, Steven Walker, Glen Wright and Alison Shields   pp. 347-350
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Crop row orientation induced photo-sensory effect on the competitive interactions of crops and weeds
Shahab Pathan, Abul Hashem and Catherine Borger   pp. 351-354
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Metribuzin tolerance of EGA Eagle Rock wheat
Harmohinder S. Dhammu and David F. Nicholson   pp. 355-358
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Positioning the second generation of herbicide tolerant cotton varieties – Roundup Ready Flex� and Liberty Link� cottons – into Australia cotton farming systems: opportunities and threats
Graham W. Charles and Ian N. Taylor   pp. 359-362
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Grain legume herbicide research in the USA after Roundup-Ready soybean – prickly lettuce and mayweed chamomile
Joseph P. Yenish, Rodney R. Rood and John Nelson   pp. 363-366
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Clearfield� wheat to control hard-to-kill weeds
Abul Hashem, Alex Douglas and Catherine Borger   pp. 367-370
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Managing weeds through rotations in Central West New South Wales
Annie Johnson   pp. 371-374
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Temporal dynamics of weed populations in arable fields using long-term site-specific weed control
D. Dicke and W. K�hbauch   pp. 375-378
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Weeds seed bank changes for annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and other species under a range of farm management practices on the Liverpool Plains of northern New South Wales
Sandeep Narwal, Brian M. Sindel and Robin S. Jessop   pp. 379-382
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The importance of patent status to �public� investment in herbicide use research and development
Bronwyn Crowe, Bob Lindner and Rick Llewellyn   pp. 383-386
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Critical period of cotton weed control in the Zambezi valley
Z. Mavunganidze, A.B. Mashingaidze, O.A. Chivinge, C. Riches, J. Ellis-Jones and M. Mutenje   pp. 387-390
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Wild radish-lupin competition: difference in the competitive ability of lupin cultivars
Abul Hashem, Shahab Pathan and Bob French   pp. 391-394
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Impacts of summer fallow weeds on soil nitrogen and wheat in the southern, western and northern Australian grain regions
Vikki Osten, Abul Hashem, Eric Koetz, Deirdre Lemerle, Shahab Pathan and Glen Wright   pp. 395-398
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Can effective weed management be obtained by grouping species by lifecycle? Case studies from the cotton industry
Stephen. B. Johnson   pp. 399-402
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Promoting best management practice for weed control in Central West New South Wales
Annie Johnson   pp. 403-405
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Effects of soil pH on isoxaflutole injury to tolerant and sensitive chickpea genotypes
Avishek Datta, Brian Sindel, Robin Jessop, Craig Birchall, Chris Guppy and Warwick Felton   pp. 406-409
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Potential of triallate in combination with chlorsulfuron to control multiple herbicide resistant metabolism-based Lolium rigidum
Roberto Busi and Stephen Powles   pp. 410-413
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Effect of diversification of rice-wheat cropping system on weed population and weed dry weight
R.C. Samui, Subhendu Mondal and Debtanu Dash   pp. 414-416
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Phalaris spp. competition with wheat using an additive design series
Ashish Bhan and R.J. Froud-Williams   pp. 417-419
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Investigation of single and integrated application of different herbicides on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield and its components in winter sowing
A.R. Yousefiand H.M. Alizadeh   pp. 420-422
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Integration of mechanical methods and herbicides in controlling weeds of soybean (Glycine max)
R. Abbasi, H.M. Alizadeh, H.Z. Khanghah and Kh.T. Jahromi   pp. 423-425
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Canopy interference of chickpea with sowthistle – model development
S-Zahra-Hosseini Cici, Steve Adkins, Brian Sindel and Jim Hanan   p. 426
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Tolerance of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) to isoxaflutole and carfentrazone-ethyl
Ping Si, Mark Sweetingham and Bevan Buirchell   p. 427
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National training for grains advisers on integrated weed management
John Cameron, Andrew Storrie and Peter Martin   p. 428
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Mapping and regional weed management

Development and implementation of monitoring protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of weed management programs
Kelly Raymond, Glen Jameson, Marie Keatley and Cameron Miller   pp. 429-431
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Concept of weed mapping and monitoring using online virtual globes
Matthias Backes, Daniel Schumacher and Lutz Pl�mer   pp. 432-434
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Tackling weeds on private land
Helen Anderson and Beth Jones   pp. 435-438
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Building the capacity of Victorian Municipal Councils to manage weeds
Stephen Young   pp. 439-442
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Leading the community in gorse control – Victorian Gorse Task Force
Sharyn Williams and Hamish Hurley   pp. 443-445
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Engaging organisations for improved weed management
Mark Farrer   pp. 446-449
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When science meets policy – nassella tussock in New Zealand as a case study
Laurence P. Smith and Shona L. Lamoureaux   pp. 450-453
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Onion weed: pest or perception?
John L. Pitt, John G. Virtue and Leah J. Feuerherdt   pp. 454-457
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Risk of weed movement through vehicles, plant and equipment: results from a Victorian study
Michael Moerkerk   pp. 458-461
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Rural lands incentives program and gardens for wildlife
Paul R. Marynissen and Diane M. Campbell   pp. 462-465
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Using networks to understand source and sink relationships to manage weeds in a riparian zone
R.A. Lawes and R.R.J. McAllister   pp. 466-469
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Development of a manual for mapping Weeds of National Significance
Leanne Brown and Richard Thackway   pp. 470-473
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Using temporal sequences of Landsat� imagery to detect trends in Acacia nilotica in the Mitchell grass plains
R.A. Lawes and J.F. Wallace   pp. 474-476
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Hyperspectral remote sensing of invasive plants: detecting lianas in Panama
Karen L. Castro-Esau   pp. 477-480
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A catchment approach to parkinsonia control – can it be done?
Roger Landsberg, Marie Vitelli, Bob Shepherd, Ramon Jayo and Raye Whalan   pp. 481-483
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Herbicide resistance

Frequency, distribution and mechanisms of herbicide resistance in Western Australian wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) populations: a review
Michael J. Walsh, Shane Friesen and Stephen B. Powles   pp. 484-487
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Herbicide resistance testing of Lolium rigidum by commercial institutions
Peter Boutsalis and John Broster   pp. 488-490
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Herbicide resistance prevention and management in the northern cropping region through extension and education
Michael Widderick, Steve Walker, Andrew Storrie, Vikki Osten and Kathryn Galea   pp. 491-494
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Weed and pollen mobility and social costs of herbicide resistance
Sally P. Marsh, David J. Pannell and Rick S. Llewellyn   pp. 495-498
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Simulating weed persistence and herbicide resistance in the northern grain region using a validated crop growth model with extensions for seedbank dynamics and mating
David Thornby, Steven R. Walker and Jeremy P.M. Whish   pp. 499-502
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Predicting the rate of glyphosate resistance evolution in glyphosate tolerant cotton systems in Australia
Jeff Werth, Chrisher Preston, Jeanine Baker, Grant Roberts and Ian Taylor   pp. 503-506
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Management of trifluralin resistance in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) in southern Australia
Peter Boutsalis, Chrisher Preston and John Broster   pp. 507-510
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Can a shikimate assay be used to determine the genotype of glyphosate resistant plants for population genetic studies?
Chrisher Preston, Dale L. Shaner, Philip Westra, A. Stanley Culpepper, Timothy Grey, William K. Vencill and Angela Wakelin   pp. 511-514
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The cost of glyphosate resistance: is there a fitness penalty associated with glyphosate resistance in annual ryegrass?
Angela M. Wakelin and Chrisher Preston   pp. 515-518
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Spread of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides in a wind borne, self-pollinated weed, Lactuca serriola L. (prickly lettuce)
Jeanine Baker, Yi Qing Lu and Chrisher Preston   pp. 519-521
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Status of resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors in French populations of black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)
Yosra Menchari, Bruno Chauvel, Jean Philippe Guillemin and Chrishe D�lye   pp. 522-525
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Resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.
Chrisher Preston   pp. 526-529
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Resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Echium plantagineum L.
Chrisher Preston   pp. 530-533
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A national assessment of serrated tussock resistance to the herbicide flupropanate in Australia
D.A. McLaren, S. Ramasamy, A.C. Lawrie, G. Pritchard and T.A. Morfe   pp. 534-537
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Resistance to acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in Bromus spp. in Australia
Peter Boutsalis and Chrisher Preston   pp. 538-540
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Lolium rigidum biotype with multiple resistant to glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase herbicides
Qin Yu, Andrew Cairns and Stephen Powles   p. 541
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Herbicide resistant sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) in South Australia, northern New South Wales and Queensland
Robin S. St. John-Sweeting, Chrisher Preston, Jeanine Baker, Steve Walker and Michael Widderick   p. 542
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Preliminary investigations of the effect of pollen competition on gene flow in the wind pollinated species annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.)
Jeanine Baker and Chrisher Preston   p. 543
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An experimental approach to study fitness penalty in trifluralin resistant biotypes of Lolium rigidum
Benjamin J. Fleet, Gurjeet S. Gill, Chrisher Preston and David R. Coventry   p. 544
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Biological control

Impact evaluation of weed biological control in Australia: lessons from a quantitative review
Adele M. Reid   pp. 545-548
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Costs associated with declaring organisms through the Biological Control Act when conflicts of interest threaten weed biological control projects
David A. McLaren, William A. Palmer and Tereso A. Morfe   pp. 549-552
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Biocontrol of weeds in the Northern Territory: what has it achieved?
Blair Grace, Janine Paynter, Rieks van Klinken and Laura Wirf   pp. 553-556
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Blackberry: treading a prickly path to effective biological control in Australia
Robin J. Adair and Eligio Bruzzese   pp. 557-560
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Advancements in biocontrol of Mimosa pigra in the Northern Territory
Bronwyn M. Routley and Laura A. Wirf   pp. 561-564
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Additional strains of Phragmidium violaceum released for the biological control of blackberry
L. Morin, R. Aveyard, K.L. Batchelor, K.J. Evans, D. Hartley and M. Jourdan   pp. 565-568
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Broom rust in Australia
Louise Morin, Jean-Louis Sagliocco, Diana Hartley, John R. Hosking, Phil Cramond and Bill Washington   pp. 569-572
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Biological control of brooms in Australia: an update
Andy W. Sheppard, John R. Hosking, Jean-Louis Sagliocco, Thierry Thomann, Paul O. Downey and Raelene M. Kwong   pp. 573-576
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Establishment, initial impact and persistence of parthenium summer rust Puccinia melampodii in north Queensland
Kunjithapatham Dhileepan, Singarayar K. Florentine and Catherine J. Lockett   pp. 577-580
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Parkinsonia aculeata: surveys for natural enemies, native range ecological studies and prospects for biological control
Tim A. Heard   pp. 581-584
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A preliminary investigation of dieback on Parkinsonia aculeata
Naomi Diplock, Vic Galea, Rieks van Klinken and Alan Wearing   pp. 585-587
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Evaluation of plant disease for control of alligator weed in Australia
Ross L. Gilbert, GeoffM. Gurr, Michael J. Priest and Sharon Nielsen   pp. 588-590
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Current status of research on potential biological control agents for Nassella neesiana and Nassella trichotoma (Poaceae) in Australia
Freda E. Anderson, Marina L. D�az and David A. McLaren   pp. 591-594
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Retrospective host testing of Aconophora compressa; reproduction and survival on the target weed, Lantana camara and non-target species
Andrew G. Manners, Gimme H. Walter, William A. Palmer, K. Dhileepan and Graeme T. Hastwell   pp. 595-598
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Biological control of cat�s claw creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati): the potential of the leaf-tying pyralid moth (Hypocosmia pyrochroma)
Elizabeth L. Snow, Michelle A. Rafter, Jayd McCarthy, Wilmot Senaratne, Mariano Trevi�o and Kunjithapatham Dhileepan   pp. 599-600
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The use of models in long-term post-release biological control evaluation
Nikki M. Sims, Yvonne M. Buckley, Myron P. Zalucki and Adele Reid   pp. 601-604
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Leaf-sucking tingid (Carvalhotingis visenda): a potential biological control agent for cat�s claw creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati)
Mariano Trevi�o, Elizabeth Snow, Wilmot Seneratne, Cathryn Conrad and Kunjithapatham Dhileepan   pp. 605-606
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Genetic variability of wheel cactus (Opuntia robusta H.L.Wendl. ex Pfeiff.) and cochineal (Dactylopius spp.): implications for biological control
Justin C. Williams, Jeanine Baker, Mike A. Keller and John G. Virtue   p. 607
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Impact of the rust fungus Puccinia myrsiphylli on the below-ground biomass of bridal creeper
Louise Morin, Adele Reid and Anthony J. Willis   p. 608
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What is responsible for the low establishment rates of the South African Crioceris sp. leaf beetle on bridal creeper infestations in Australia?
Michael Neave, Louise Morin and Adele Reid   p. 609
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Weed eradication

The branched broomrape eradication program in Australia
Philip Warren   pp. 610-613
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Defining the distribution of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) by tracing the movement of potential vectors for the spread of seed
Nick Secomb   pp. 614-617
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Sampling for detection of branched broomrape
Ray Correll and Steve Marvanek   pp. 618-621
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Sampling challenges in detecting branched broomrape seed bank decline
Anna M. Williams, John G. Virtue, Che DeDear and Tom McInerney   pp. 622-625
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Seed bank and seed bank reduction of Orobanche ramosa in South Australia
John Matthews, Darryl Miegel and Dorothee Hayton   pp. 626-628
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Potential use of isothiocyanates in branched broomrape eradication
John G. Virtue, Che DeDear, Mark J. Potter and Mary Rieger   pp. 629-632
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Planning and undertaking a national delimiting survey for Chromolaena odorata
P. Maher, C. Vanderwoude, J.C. Scanlan, B. Davis and S. Funkhouser   pp. 633-636
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Long-term control and eradication of gorse – a model from the West Coast of Tasmania
Andrew Laird and Sandy Leighton   pp. 637-640
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Progress towards the eradication of two tropical weeds
Simon J. Brooks and Kylie E. Galway   pp. 641-644
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Lobed needle grass: management strategies for a Priority Agricultural Sleeper Weed, National Environmental Alert List weed and State Prohibited Weed in Victoria
Michael Hansford   pp. 645-648
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Athel pine in the Northern Territory: a strategic approach to eradication
Chris Brown and Blair Grace   pp. 649-652
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Herbicides for the control of branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa)
John Matthews, Darryl Miegel and Dorothee Hayton   pp. 653-655
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Mineral nutrients affect the production of strigolactones, germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds, by host plants
Kaori Yoneyama, Hitoshi Sekimoto, Yasutomo Takeuchi and Koichi Yoneyama   p. 656
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Effects of fluridone and norflurazon on seed conditioning and germination of root parasitic weeds, Orobanche minorStriga asiatica and S. hermonthica
Dai Kusumoto, Sang Heon Chae, Kaori Yoneyama, Koichi Yoneyama, Takao Yokota and Yasutomo Takeuchi   p. 657
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Characterisation of strigolactones, germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds and branching factors for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, produced by various plants
Koichi Yoneyama, Ayman A. Awad, Xie Xiaonan, Dai Kusumoto, Yasutomo Takeuchi, Kaori Yoneyama, Hitoshi Sekimoto, Takao Yokota, Takanori Kashihara, Kohki Akiyama and Hideo Hayashi   p. 658
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Economics of weeds

Predicting the economic benefits and costs of introducing new biological control agents for Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius into New Zealand: how much will biological control of broom harm the New Zealand beekeeping industry?
Quentin Paynter, Hugh Gourlay, Paul Peterson, Julia Wilson-Davey and Simon Fowler   pp. 659-662
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Control of invasive species: lessons from miconia in Hawaii
Brooks Kaiser, Kimberly Burnett and James Roumasset   pp. 663-666
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A bioeconomic framework for assessing the impacts of weeds in Queensland
Tessie Tumaneng-Diete, Jim Binney, Marc Bryant and Phil Maher   pp. 667-670
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A matrix model for the management of perennial weeds in the North Queensland rangelands system: application to Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam.)
Andrew Zull, Oscar Cacho and Roger Lawes   pp. 671-674
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Estimating the returns on investment of a Cooperative Research Centre: the case of the Invasive Plants CRC
Randall Jones, Garry Griffith and David Vere   pp. 675-678
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Weed risk assessment and management

Managing weeds in Australian botanical gardens
Roger D. Spencer   pp. 679-682
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Serious potential, new and emerging weeds promoted in the horticultural media
Kate Blood   pp. 683-686
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Perennial pasture conflicts: is there a way through?
Rieks D. van Klinken, Margaret Friedel and Tony Grice   pp. 687-690
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‘Weeding’ out high weed risk species from pasture breeding programs: introducing an environmental weed risk management process into the CRC for Plant-Based Management of Dryland Salinity
Lynley Stone   pp. 691-694
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Spatial distribution of invading weeds: implications for detectability and management
Art J. Diggle, Marta Monjardino and John Moore   pp. 695-698
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A Weed Risk Management system for the Northern Territory
Samantha Setterfield, Alice Beilby, Michael Douglas, John Clarkson, Jane Barratt, Keith Ferdinands, Blair Grace and Laura Wirf   pp. 699-702
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Current practice in applying CLIMATE for weed risk assessment in Australia
Leanne Brown, Simon Barry, David Cunningham and Mary Bomford   pp. 703-706
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The importance of vegetative seedling traits in distinguishing herbaceous legumes of differing impact in temperate natural ecosystems
Jason Emms, John G. Virtue, Chrisher Preston and William D. Bellotti   pp. 707-710
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Weed surveillance strategies using models of weed dispersal in landscapes
David Pullar, Mark Kingston and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 711-714
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The Australian Exotic Species Database, a CRC for Australian Weed Management project
Roderick P. Randall   pp. 715-718
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Invasive potential and competitive ability of the Eurasian herb Centaurea solstitialis L.
Gregory Hay, Jos� M. Facelli and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 719-722
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Understanding and managing the risk of garden escapes to Australia’s native flora: which future weed candidates are already here?
Paul O. Downey and Andreas Glanznig   pp. 723-726
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The problem with Lantana montevidensis (creeping lantana)
Stephen. B. Johnson and Sydney D. Lisle   pp. 727-730
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Something’s bugging butterfly bush in Tasmania
Darren J. Kriticos and Karina J.B. Potter   pp. 731-734
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Is Retama raetam (Forsskal) Webb a legitimate alert list species?
Jason Emms, John G. Virtue, Chrisher Preston and William D. Bellotti   pp. 735-738
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Weed risk assessment of the DEH Alert List and other non-native plant species
Jason Weber and F. Dane Panetta   pp. 739-742
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Community participation

The Victorian Weed Alert Rapid Response plan: Weed Spotters and the Weed Alert Contact Officers
Neil Smith   pp. 743-746
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Public climate of environmental weed management
Glenn Firth   pp. 747-750
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A community-based weed detection network: developing a model for application in Australia
S. Jane Morton   pp. 751-754
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‘Weed Wipeout’: A computer game about weed management, suited to the changing learning environment
Susanna N. Greig, Brian M. Sindel and Robin S. Jessop   pp. 755-756
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A community approach to pest plant control in South Australia’s rangelands
Lorraine J. Edmunds   pp. 757-760
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Feral host species limiting the reduction of pesticide use for codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) in the Adelaide Hills
Heidi J. Nicholson, Katrina L. Willing and David A. Creeper   pp. 761-764
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How to transport and display weeds safely for public events and training activities
Kate Blood   pp. 765-766
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Working together – Integrated Area Wide Management of weeds in the Condamine catchment
Michael Widderick and Penny Hamilton   p. 767
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Aquatic and riparian weeds

Effects of depth and season on the population dynamics of Cabomba caroliniana in south-east Queensland
Shon Schooler and Mic Julien   pp. 768-771
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Dry lakes and drifting seed-heads: the ecology of fairy grass Lachnagrostis filiformis
Kathleen E. Gosney, Singarayer K. Florentine and Cameron Hurst   pp. 772-775
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Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) invasion affects decomposition rates in a northern New Zealand lake
Imogen Bassett, Quentin Paynter and Jacqueline Beggs   pp. 776-779
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The key to success: an investigation into oviposition of the salvinia weevil in cool climate regions
Bertie Hennecke and Lesley Postle   pp. 780-783
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Alligator weed eradication in Victoria – a developing success story
Lalith Gunasekera, Nigel Ainsworth and Julio Bonilla   pp. 784-786
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Review of aquatic weed control methods in New Zealand
William P. Chisholm   pp. 787-790
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Distribution and host range of the recently introduced willow sawfly, Nematus oligospilus F�rster, on willows (Salix spp.) in south-east Australia
Kyla J. Finlay and Robin J. Adair   pp. 791-794
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Sagittaria (Sagittaria graminea Michx.) – a threatening aquatic weed for the Murray-Darling Basin
Tim Nitschke, Roger Baker and Ross Gledhill   pp. 795-797
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A survey of Sagittaria spp. (Monocotyledons: Alismataceae) populations throughout the irrigation districts of northern Victoria
Mark Sellwood, Nigel Ainsworth and Jean-Louis Sagliocco   pp. 798-800
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Targeting control measures to coincide with vulnerable growth stages of alligator weed
Georgina Kelley and Bertie Hennecke   p. 801
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Comparison of plasticity in growth responses to nutrient availability of two invasive species and their non-invasive congeners
C�line Clech-Goods, Shon Schooler, Catherine Lovelock and Susanne Schmidt   p. 802
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Environmental weed impacts

Biodiversity threatened by weeds in New South Wales
Paul O. Downey and Aaron J. Coutts-Smith   pp. 803-806
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Wetlands going under: can invasive grasses be managed?
A.C. Grice, D.M. Nicholas, P. Williams and E. Collins   pp. 807-810
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Different weeds, different habitats, same effects: exotic grass invasion in tropical woodlands and wetlands
Michael M. Douglas, Samantha A. Setterfield, Ruth A. O’Connor, Keith Ferdinands, Natalie A. Rossiter, Kristine J. Brooks, Ben Ryan and Catherine Parr   pp. 811-814
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The impact of exotic grass invasions on nitrogen cycling: a mini-review
Natalie Rossiter, Samantha Setterfield, Michael Douglas, Lindsay Hutley and Garry Cook   pp. 815-818
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A preliminary assessment of the impacts of invasive alien plants on ecosystem services in South Africa
Brian W. van Wilgen, David C. Le Maitre, Belinda Reyers, Lucille Schonegevel and David M. Richardson   pp. 819-822
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Suppression of native wild rice germination by exotic para grass
Penny A.S. Wurm, Sean M. Bellairs and Beckie Kernich   pp. 823-826
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Barrier to restoration: the decomposition rate of bridal creeper’s root system
Peter J. Turner, John K. Scott and Helen Spafford Jacob   pp. 827-830
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Reducing weed biomass by burning and grazing can adversely affect frogs
Deborah S. Bower, Leonie E. Valentine, Anthony C. Grice and Lin Schwarzkopf   pp. 831-834
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New chemicals and uses

Hotshot* Herbicide: the new standard for control of Fallopia convolvulus in winter cereals in the Northern Grain Region
Chrisher O. Love and Robert A. Annetts   pp. 835-837
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AXIAL�, a cereal selective graminicide for the control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and other major grass weeds
Craig A. Ruchs, Peter J. O’Connell and Peter Boutsalis   pp. 838-841
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Predicting herbicide activity to minimise uncertainty
Todd S. Andrews, Richard W. Medd, Remy J. Van de Ven and David I. Pickering   pp. 842-845
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Spray adjuvants for woody weed control in plantation forestry in South Australia
Wayne Richardson, Don McGuire and Naomi Grey   pp. 846-849
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The effects of water volume and droplet spectrum on herbicide efficacy during the fallow
Gavin Lotz, Vikki Osten, Alison Shields and Glen Wright   pp. 850-852
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Hotshot* Herbicide – a new weapon for Lantana camara control
Chrisher O. Love and Robert A. Annetts   pp. 853-856
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Pastures and forestry

Grazier adoption of spray grazing
Mark G. Trotter, Brian M. Sindel, James M. Scott and Ian J. Reeve   pp. 857-860
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CAWS oration

Interactions between grazing practices and bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia): preliminary results
F. Bebawi, R. Mayer, J. Vitelli and K. Davis   pp. 861-863
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Broad acre chemical control for Chilean needle grass infestations
S.K. Gaur, D.A. McLaren, K.L. Butler and J. Bonilla   pp. 864-867
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Effect of grazing management and stockclass on Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) seed production
C.J. Grech, D.A. McLaren and B.M. Sindel   pp. 868-871
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Germination response to temperature of Phyla canescens (lippia)
Matthew J. Macdonald, R.D.B. (Wal) Whalley, Brian M. Sindel, Mic H. Julien and John A. Duggin   pp. 872-875
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Chemical, phytochemical and biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Pakistan
Arshad Javaid, Rukhsana Bajwa, Sobiya Shafique and Shazia Shafique   pp. 876-879
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Efficacy of grubbing is plant size dependent in nassella tussock
Michelle L. Verkaaik, Shona L. Lamoureaux and Graeme W. Bourd�t   pp. 880-882
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Outsmarting nassella tussock – answers to common questions based on recent research findings
Shona L. Lamoureaux, Graeme W. Bourd�t and Michelle Verkaaik   pp. 883-885
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The effect camels have on the ability of parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata L.) to set seed
John R. McKenzie, Mike J. Pattison, Shane D. Campbell and Joseph S. Vitelli   pp. 886-889
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Woody weed control using metsulfuron-methyl and glyphosate applied by boomless spray technology prior to clear fell of radiata pine (Pinus radiata)
Wayne Richardson, Don McGuire and Naomi Grey   pp. 890-893
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Dispersal of weed seeds in goat dung
Wagner B. Beskow, Kerry C. Harrington and John Hodgson   p. 894
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Effects of shade on seed production of Nassella trichotoma in northern New South Wales
Tieneke F. Trotter, Brian M. Sindel, Robert D. Murison and Robin S. Jessop   p. 895
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Weeds of the future? Threats to Australia’s grazing industries by garden plants
Jennifer A. Barker, Rod P. Randall, Tony C. Grice   p. 896
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